Surgical conditions

Question 1

Effect pf diaphragmatic hernia x2

Answer 1

Respiratory distress
Shift of mediastinum and apex beat

Question 2

Reason for avoiding bag and mask ventilation

Question 3

Which antibiotics to give in perforated necrotizing enterocolitis + common organisms

Answer 3

Anaerobes, gram negative

Question 4

Clinical signs of proximal bowel obstruction x4

Answer 4

Vomiting, bilious, distended upper abdomen, could have passed meconium

Question 5

Clinical signs of distal bowel obstruction x3

Answer 5

Vomiting, no stool, abdominal distension

Question 6

Cause of omphalocele

Answer 6

Failure of the abdominal viscera to return to the abdomen from then yolk sac
Mass covered in sac

Question 7

Describe gastroschisis x3

Answer 7

No sac, lateral to umbilical cord, chemical peritonitis

Question 8

Management of gastroschisis and exomphalos x4

Answer 8

Surgical repair
Wrap in sterile moist gauze
Prevent fluid loss from exposed viscera
Ensure the exomphalos sac does not rupture, become dry or infected

Question 9

Acute abdominal pain, colicky and with mass x3

Answer 9

Obstructed hernia
Intussusception
Ascaris bowel obstruction

Question 10

Acute abdominal pain, continuous x2 groups

Answer 10

Localized- acute appendicitis
Generalized- Perforated typhoid, perforated appendix

Question 11

Clinical features of intussusception x4

Answer 11

Pain, vomiting, blood per rectum
Sausage shaped palpable mass

Question 12

Describe a hydrocele x3

Answer 12

Collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis
Localized in the scrotum
Fluctuation of scrotal size during the day

Question 14

State 2x2 congenital and acquired causes of hydrocephalus

Answer 14

Congenital- aqueduct stenosis, Chiari malformation
Acquired- post meningitis, intra ventricular hemorrhage