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Botany NCERT > Biological Classification > Flashcards

Biological Classification Flashcards

1
Q

white spots on mustard leaves are due to which type of fungus

A

parasitic fungus

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2
Q

Unicellular fungi is?

A

yeast

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3
Q

rust causing fungus is named as?

A

Puccinia

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4
Q

most of the fungi are?

A

saprophytes, heterotrophic

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5
Q

long slender structures in bodies of fungi are known as?

A

hyphae

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6
Q

cell wall of fungi is made up of?

A

chitin and polysaccharides

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7
Q

reproduction by vegetative means in fungi are?

A

Fragmentation, fission, and budding

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8
Q

asexual reproduction in fungi is?

A

by formation of spores known as conidia, sporangiospores and zoospores

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9
Q

sexual reproduction in fungi

A

oospores, ascospores and basidiospores

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10
Q

fusion of two nuclei is?

A

karyogamy

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11
Q

fusion of protoplasms between two gametes is?

A

plasmogamy

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12
Q

n+n stage is found in which type of fungi?

A

ascomycetes and basidiomycetes

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13
Q

n+n phase is known as

A

dikaryophase

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14
Q

where are phytomycetes found

A

decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate parasites in plants

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15
Q

What type of mycelium is found in phytomycetis?

A

aseptate and coenocytic

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16
Q

asexual reproduction in phytomycetes is by?

A

zoospores (motile) or by aplanospores (non motile) produced in sporangium

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17
Q

zygospore is formed by?

A

fission of two gametes similar in morphology (isogamous) or dissimilar (oogamous)

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18
Q

examples of phytomycetes are?

A

Rhizopus (bread mould), Mucor and albugo (parasitic fungi on mustard)

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19
Q

ascomycetes is known as?

A

sac fungus

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20
Q

ascomycetes are of what type?

A

saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic and coprophilous (growing on dung)

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21
Q

mycelium of ascomycetes is?

A

branched and septate

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22
Q

asexual spores on ascomycetes are?

A

Conidia produced exogenously on special mycelium called conidiophores

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23
Q

conidia on germination produces

A

Mycelium

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24
Q

Sexual spores are called? (in ascomycetes)

A

Ascospores (produced endogenously in sac like asci)

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25
Q

different types of fruiting bodies in asci are known as?

A

ascocarps

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26
Q

Examples of ascomycetes are?

A

Aspergillus, Claviceps and Neurospora

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27
Q

Neurospora is used for?

A

Biochemical and genetic work

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28
Q

Commonly known forms of basidiomycetes are?

A

Mushrooms, Bracket fungi or puffballs

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29
Q

Where do basidiomycetes grow on?

A

Soil, Logs, Tree stumps and in Living Plants as Parasites

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30
Q

Vegetative reproduction in Basidiomycetes is by?

A

Fragmentation

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31
Q

Sexual reproduction in Basidiomycetes

A

Sex organs are absent but plasmogamy is brought by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells. The resultant gives rise to basidium

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32
Q

Where does karyogamy and meiosis in basidiomycetes takes place?

A

in the basidium producing four basidiospores

33
Q

Basidiospores are produced where?

A

exogenously on basidium

34
Q

The basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called?

A

Basidiocarps

35
Q

Examples of Basidiomycetes are?

A

Agaricus (mushroom), Ustilago (smut) and Puccinia (rust fungus)

36
Q

who are known as imperfect fungi?

A

Deuteromycetes

37
Q

What happened when sexual stages in members of deuteromycetes are found?

A

they were moved to ascomycetes and basidiomycetes

38
Q

The deuteromycetes reproduce by?

A

Asexual spores known as conidia

39
Q

Mycelium of Deuteromycetes is?

A

Septate and branched

40
Q

Types of Deuteromycetes are?

A

saprophytes, parasites and decomposers

41
Q

Examples of Deuteromycetes are?

A

Alternaria, Collectotrichum and Trichoderma

42
Q

viruses are ____ cellular organisms that have ____ _______ structure outside living cell

A

non
inert crystalline

43
Q

What viruses do after infecting a cell?

A

they take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, killing the host.

44
Q

Virus means?

A

Venom or Poisonous fluid

45
Q

Dmitri Ivanowsky discovered that viruses are _______ than bacterias and they pass through the ______________

A

smaller
bacteria-proof filters

46
Q

who demonstrated the extract of infected tobbaco plant?

A

M.W Beijerinek

47
Q

Virus was described as?

A

Contagium vivum fluidum

48
Q

Who showed that viruses could be crystallized?

A

W.M Stanley

49
Q

Crystal of viruses largely consisted of?

A

Proteins

50
Q

Viruses are _____ outside host cells

A

inert

51
Q

Viruses are highly ____

A

specific about host cells

52
Q

Viruses are obligate ______.

A

Parasites

53
Q

Viruses can either contain ____ or ____

A

DNA or RNA

54
Q

Viruses that infect plants have?

A

Single Stranded RNA

55
Q

Viruses that infect animals have?

A

Single or double stranded RNA or double stranded DNA

56
Q

Bacterial viruses or bacteriophages have?

A

Double stranded DNA

57
Q

The protein coat of virus is known as?

A

Capsid

58
Q

Capsid is made of?

A

Smaller subunits capsomeres

59
Q

function of capsids is?

A

Protecting nucleic acid

60
Q

Capsomeres are arranged in?

A

Helical or Polyhedral geometric forms

61
Q

What kind of diseases can virus cause in humans?

A

Mumps, Small pox, Herpes, AIDS and Influenza

62
Q

Symptoms of virus in plants are?

A

mosaic formation, leaf rolling and curling, yellowing and vein clearing, dwarf and stunted growth

63
Q

Who discovered Viroids?

A

T.O Deiner

64
Q

What did T.O Deiner discover?

A

New infectious agent smaller than viruses

65
Q

What can Viroids cause?

A

Potato spindle tuber disease

66
Q

Describe Viroids

A

Free RNA which lacked protein coat

67
Q

The RNA of viroid was of ___ molecular weight

A

low

68
Q

What type of diseases prions give?

A

neurological diseases

69
Q

What is the size of prions?

A

It has a similar size to viruses

70
Q

What do prions have?

A

Prions have abnormally folded proteins

71
Q

what is the name of the disease caused by prions?

A

bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease)

72
Q

What is mad cow disease analogous to?

A

Cr-Jacob disease in humans

73
Q

What is the algal component in Lichens known as?

A

Phycobiont

74
Q

What is the fungal component in Lichens known as?

A

mycobiont

75
Q

algal component is _____________ in nature.

A

autotrophic

76
Q

The fungal component is _________________ in nature.

A

Heterotrophic

77
Q

Lichen indicates what?

A

Pollution (they do not grow in polluted areas)

78
Q

How do the Lichens work?

A

The algal component of Lichen provides food to the fungal component and the fungal component gives shelter and provides minerals to the algal component. They are so close that a person can’t tell that there are two organisms within them.

Botany NCERT (2 decks)

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