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HGE > Hydraulics > Flashcards

Hydraulics Flashcards

1
Q

Velocity is constant at any point

A

Steady Flow

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2
Q

Flow is constant at any cross section

A

Uniform flow

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3
Q

Flow where energy is conserved

A

Continuous Flow

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4
Q

Stored energy based on position

A

Potential Head

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5
Q

Fluid energy due to its motion

A

Kinetic Head

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6
Q

Drop of head between two progressive sections in the flows

A

Head Loss

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7
Q

Head of a point based on its height above its set horizontal datum

A

Elevation head

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8
Q

Head on a point on its ambient pressure

A

Pressure head

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9
Q

Losses due to inherent properties of the channel or comduit

A

Major losses

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10
Q

Losses due to changes in direction brought about by curvature or fittings

A

Minor Losses

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11
Q

Irregularities of the fluid motion

A

Turbulence

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12
Q

RE<2000

A

Laminar Flow

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13
Q

Individual streamline does not intersect

A

Laminar flow

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14
Q

Transition from laminar to turbulent

A

Transitory

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15
Q

Individual streamline continuously instersect

A

Turbulent Flow

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16
Q

The rate or discharge of a flow

A

Continuity Equations

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17
Q

Q=AV

A

Continuity Equations

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18
Q

Graphical representation of the potential head

A

Hydraulic Grade line

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19
Q

Graphical representation of the specific energy

A

Energy grade line

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20
Q

Devices that add energy to the flow

A

Pumps

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21
Q

Devices that take energy to the flow

A

Turbines

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22
Q

Short tube that narrow on the end, directing the exit of fluids from the flow

A

Nozzles

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23
Q

The rate at which work is being done

A

Power

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24
Q

The output power of the devices

A

Rating

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25
Q

The percentage of the input transpired into useful work

A

Efficiency

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26
Q

Poutput/Pinput *100%

A

Efficiency

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27
Q

Amount of fluid passing through a section per unit of time

A

Discharge or flow rate

28
Q

This occurs when the discharge Q passing a given cross section is constant with time. if the flow Q at the cross section varies with time the flow is unsteady

A

Steady flow

29
Q

This usually occurs when an incompressible fluid flows through a stream with uniform cross section. In stream where the cross section and velocity changes the flow said to be non-uniform

A

Uniform flow

30
Q

This occurs when at any time the discharge Q at every section of the stream is the same

A

Continuous flow

31
Q

When the path of individual fluid particles do not cross or intersect. The reynold numbers is less than 2100

A

Laminar flow

32
Q

When the path of individual particles are regular and continuously cross each other. it normally occurs when the reynold numbers exceed 2,100

A

Turbulent flow

33
Q

Laminar flow in circular pipes can be maintained up to values of R as high as _______

A

50,000

34
Q

This occurs when in an incompressible fluid the direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are an identical

A

One dimensional flow

35
Q

This occurs when the fluid particles move in planes or parallel planes and the streamline patterns are identical in each plane

A

Two dimensional flow

36
Q

These are imaginary curves drawn through a fluid to indicate the direction of motion in various section of the flow of the fluid system

A

Streamlines

37
Q

This represents elementary portions of a flowing fluid bounded by a group of streamlines which comfine the flow

A

Stream tubes

38
Q

These are drawn to indicate flow patterns in case of two dimensional flow or even three dimensional flow

A

Flow nets

39
Q

•Slopes downward in a direction of flow but it may rise or fall due to changes in velocity and pressure
•uniform 5 cross section hgl is parallel to egl
•for horizontal pipes with uniform diameter the drop in pressure heads between any two points is also equal to the head loss between these points

A

Hydraulic grade line

40
Q

• always load downward in the direction of flow and it will only rise with the presence of a pump
•the drop of the egl between any two points is the head loss between those points
•for uniform piper section egl is parallel to HGL
•EGL IS ALWAYS ABOVE THE HGL BY AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO THE VELOCITY HEAD

A

Characteristic of energy grade line

41
Q

The ratio of actual discharge to the device to the ideal or theoretical discharge which would appear without losses

A

Coefficient of discharge

42
Q

The ratio of the actual mean velocity to the ideal or theoretical velocity which should occur without any losses

A

Coefficient of velocity

43
Q

Ratio of the actual area of the contracting section of the stream or jed to the area of the opening through which the fluid flows

A

Coefficient of contraction

44
Q

Opening with a close perimeter through which fluid flows

A

Orifice

45
Q

Instrument used in measuring the discharge through pipes

A

Venturi meter

46
Q

A converging tube installed at the end of the pipe or hose for the purpose of increasing the velocity of the issuing jet

A

Nozzle

47
Q

A belt tube with both ends open and is used to measure the velocity of fluid flow or velocity of air flow as used in airplanes speedometer. Most common shapes are l-shaped and u shape

A

Pitot tube

48
Q

It is a close conduit through which fluids or gases flows

A

Pipes

49
Q

Conduits flowing partially full are callled _________

A

Open channels

50
Q

The flow said to be_____ when the part of individual fluid particles do not cross or intersect. The reynolds number is less than 2,000

A

Laminar flow

51
Q

The flow said to be ______ when the path of individual particles are irregular and continuously cross each other

A

Turbulent Flow

52
Q

The velocity below which all turbulence are dumped out by the viscosity of the liquid

A

Critical velocity

53
Q

A tube that has one with square corners entrance and has a length of about 2.5 times its eternal diameter

A

Standard short tube

54
Q

Is an opening in a dam or other hydraulic structure to control the passage of water. It has the same hydraulic properties as the orifice

A

Gates

55
Q

It is a tubes that has the form of a prism of a right circular cone with the larger and adjacent to the tank or reservoir

A

Converging tube

56
Q

A tube that has form of a frustum of a right circular cone with a smaller and adjacent to the reservoir or tank

A

Diverging tubes

57
Q

These are tube having their ends projecting inside a reservoir or tank

A

Re-entrant tube

58
Q

The example of this tube is a culvert conveying water through embankments

A

Submerged tube

59
Q

Overflow structures which are built across an open channel for the purpose of measuring or controlling the flow of liquids

A

Weir

60
Q

The overflowing stream in weir

A

Nappe

61
Q

The edge or top surface of a weir with which the flowing liquid comes in contract

A

Crest of weir

62
Q

Weirs having sides sharp edge so that the nappe is contracted in width or having and contractions either one end or two ends

A

Contracted weir

63
Q

Weirs having its length being equal to the width of the channel so that the nappe suffers no end contraction

A

Suppressed weir or full width weir

64
Q

The downford curvature of the liquid surface before the weir

A

Drop down curve

65
Q

The distance between the liquid surface and the crest of the weir measured before the drop down firm

A

Head

HGE (6 decks)

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