Soft Tissues & Other Characteristics Flashcards
Contrast/compare the following characteristics between ectotherms and en
Lower size limit
Body shape
Aerobic/anaerobic energy production
Length of active periods
Blood pressure
Hematocrit
Capillaries (width, length, spacing)
Blood oxygen capacity
Daily energy requirments
Food availability requirements
Energy allocation
Biomass consumption/production
Study this here yonder:
What is endothermy, and what is its major disadvantage with relation to energy?
What form of energy is produced?
How does metabolism and lifespan scale with mammal body size?
What is the integument, and what are the 3 main selective forces that lead to its evolution in mammals?
What are 4 additional functions of the integument besides those main 3?
Label the parts
What glands secrete milk for nourishment of post-natal young?
What 2 hormones stimulate gland activation before birth?
What is the secretory part inside the gland?
What is the protrusive latching structure called?
During nursing, what 2 hormones are released by the pituitary, and what are their functions?
How do mammary glands differ in Monotremes and Cetaceans?
How do mammal epidermal glands compare to all other vertabrates?
What are the 2 basic types of epidermal glands?
What do each of these gland types do?
What is a major difference between what happens inside the gland during secretion with these 2 gland types?
What are 2 subtypes of these types of glands that mammals might have and what do they do?
What is hair? What is it made of? Where does it grow from? What gives it color?
What is pelage?
What are the 3 parts of hair? Describe what each one is.
cuticular scale patterns can be viewed under a microscope to help ID what species a hair came from
What are the 2 types of keratin, and where is each found?
What are vibrissae, and what are 2 types of vibrissae?
What are the 3 “levels” of hairs in the pelage? Describe each.
What are 3 subtypes of the top/middle layer? Describe each.
What purposes does hair serve?
What is molting?
What unique functions can color serve?
What is countershading?
What is it called when an animal has very conspicuous markings, and what purpose does it serve?
Aposematic coloration - serves as a warning to others to stay away (dangerous, venomous, etc.)
Besides energy storage, what are 5 other functions of fat?
What’s the difference between white and brown fat?
What is the most important difference in the circulatory system of mammals in comparison to amphibians/reptiles?
Describe how the whole circulatory system function?
Why does it have these specializations?
What specialization in the blood allows increased oxygen transport?
What part of the brain controls breathing and what cues it to adjust the breathing rate?
What are the 2 main muscles involved in breathing?
What is the septum transversum? How does it differ in mammals in comparison to amphibians and birds?
What is the function of the diaphragm?
Describe exactly how it functions in breathing (include specific pressure types).
Describe its texture and composition.
How does it help with child birth, waste removal, blood return, etc?
What are the 3 types of muscle fibers and where is each found?
In what form can muscles store energy?
Describe all these terms and their functions
ovaries
uterine tubes
penis
ospenis/baculum
testes
scrotum
vaginal canal
copulation
How does the mammalian brain compare with other vertebrates?
What is the neopalium?
What is the corpus callosum?
What is notable about the gene family of mammalian olfactory senses?
What is the vomeronasal organ? Why is it important?
What part of the brain gives an indicator of olfactory’s importance in a species’ lifestyle?
Where did the middle 3 ear bones evolve from?
What is the auditory bullae?
What are the pinna, external auditory meatus, and tympanic membrane?
What is the cochlea?
What % of mammals rely almost exclusively on hearing instead of vision?
What is the available range of hearing across species?
How is the eye modified in fossorial or oceanic species?
What are retinas made up of?
What is the tapetum lucidum and what is it for?
