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LOGICVS > simple appr lecs > Flashcards

simple appr lecs Flashcards

1
Q

who said, “human beings naturally desire to know” or “human beings are naturally curious

A

aristotle in his book metaphysics

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2
Q

the product of the passive intellect

A

idea

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3
Q

idea came from the ___ word

A

greek word eidos meaning form or essence

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4
Q

refers to the total qualities or characteristics attributed to an idea

A

comprehension

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5
Q

emphasizes on how the idea is applicable to another individual or group

A

extension

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6
Q

it is referred to be as how an idea is presented to the mind whether it rests in reality, or if it such is not presented what really is in the reality

A

intention

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7
Q

emphasizes that ideas are not only expressed in the mind but they can be also found outside of the mind, an object that exists in reality.

A

First intention

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8
Q

is an idea which expresses a thing is according to the special mode of existence that the thing has as it exists in the mind. This represents the mental existence of things as one thinks it of.

A

Second intention, on the other hand,

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9
Q

expresses a form as it is inherent in a certain subject. Subjects can stand alone, but adding a form provides a descriptive quality to the subject, attaining ownership of such quality or attribute.

A

A concrete idea

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10
Q

pertains to an idea that is not identified with an subject or object.

A

An abstract idea, meanwhile,

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11
Q

In the English language, most of these are classified as abstract nouns.

A

an abstarct idea

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12
Q

it connotates a totality of a certain subject/object. (e.g. beauty)

A

absolute

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13
Q

These refer to either an accident or quality present to a certain substance. (e.g. profession)

A

connotative

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14
Q

Since adjectives are usually associated with abstract ideas, they can be also classified as

A

connotative ideas.

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15
Q

do not have any material representation in reality, an intangible idea which comes from intuition. Also considered as an abstract idea.

A

Derivative ideas

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16
Q

based on its acceptance or what lacks in that idea.

A

postive neative

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17
Q

do not have any material representation in reality, an intangible idea which comes from intuition. Also considered as an abstract idea.

A

Derivative ideas

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18
Q

usually are classified because these ideas have the same comprehension or extension.

A

Identical ideas

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19
Q

have different comprehension or extension.

A

Different ideas, of course,

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20
Q

are directly opposite of each other, excluding them in their respective groups but are still complimenting each other. (large-small).

A

. Contrary ideas

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21
Q

absolutely exclude each other in groupings, meaning that you go in both sides if you have two contradictory sides. (virtue-vice)

A

Contradictory ideas

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22
Q

point out to the quantity of the idea.

A

Singular, Particular, Universal and Collective ideas

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23
Q

are defined from the word itself. No extension needed since you are only referring to one idea.

A

Singular ideas

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24
Q

refer to a portion of the universal idea. They are taken from there because of exclusions to some parts which cannot be represented by parts or the whole

A

Particular ideas

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25
Q

represent the entire object of the idea, with all extensions included

A

Universal ideas

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26
Q

are like mass nouns in English, since these connotate many objects but only taken as a single idea.

A

Collective ideas

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27
Q

sensible manifestation of these ideas,

A

terms

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28
Q

Apart from being the representation of extra-mental objects, it also points out as a conventional sign since it becomes an exclusive tool to signify an idea.

A

terms

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29
Q

definite individual or group, having indicators like the following:
The (an article)
Proper Names (like your name or a specific place)
Demonstrative Pronouns or Adjectives, having the indicators ‘that’, ‘this’ and its plural forms
Superlative form of an adjective, which is denoted before the idea, like most and best (positive superlative adjectives)
Personal Pronouns (like ‘I’, ‘me’)

A

Singular –

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30
Q

The (an article)

A

singular

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31
Q

proper names

A

singulard

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32
Q

demonstrative pronouns or adjectives

A

singular

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33
Q

superlative form of adjectives

A

singular

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34
Q

personal pronouns

A

singular

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35
Q

refers to an indefinite group or individuals of the whole.

A

partiuclar

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36
Q

Articles like ‘a’ and ‘an’ denote particular (with the exception of some cases, which these two can also be a universal quantifier)
Definite numbers (like 5 nurses)
General propositions to which these propositions may be true on certain instances (like saying the weather today as sunny)
Indefinite pronouns or adjectives like several, a few or some.
Other modifiers like not all, at most, almost all, not everybody, somebody and the like.

A

paticular

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37
Q

refers to all individuals or objects signified by the term

A

universal

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38
Q

General universal quantifiers like ‘all’ and ‘no’, and associated quantifiers like each, every, any.

A

universal

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39
Q

Universal ideas (like ‘man’, as the idea of human being, inclusive of the sexes and genders)

A

universal

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40
Q

Articles ‘the’, ‘an’ and ‘a’ (in some cases)

A

universal

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41
Q

(how the term is used in propositions)

A

exactness

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42
Q

– the use of the term in at least two occurrences still has the same meaning. (like referring two people as ‘mam’)

A

Univocal

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43
Q

– the use of the term in two occurrences are entirely different with each other. It may depend on how it is used:
In Speech and Writing
In Speech, but not in Writing

A

Equivocal

44
Q

– this is a term that expresses not entirely the same or different; refers to figures of speech, in the English language.

A

Analogous

45
Q

– terms that are absolutely opposite of each other, impossible to reconcile.

A

Contradictory

46
Q

– terms that are opposite of each other, however there is some sort of a possibility to reconcile because of other alternative relations.

A

Contrary

47
Q

– terms that may seem to be contradictories but has a room for reconciling them

A

Paradoxical

48
Q

(how are we able to understand them)

A

SUPPOSITION

49
Q

– the term’s meaning matches the actual existence signified in the external world.

A

Real

50
Q

– the term is in reference towards imagination

A

Ideal

51
Q

– the term is just purely a construct of the mind

A

Intramental

52
Q

because it is thru the use of language that we are able to provide descriptions about facts and relay it to others. Likewise, it must be noted that misinformation can also happen in using language, leading to fraud, dishonesty and errors.

A

Language has its informative function

53
Q

utilizing such as commands or instructions compel others to act or do what has been stated.

A

Language is directive or imperative because

54
Q

since questions are formed with the use of it. Whether or not a question is directly asked or not, as long as it inquires information or clarification, it is interrogative.

A

Language can be used as a tool to interrogate

55
Q

since for one to be able to convince others, he or she must utilize language to be able to raise his/her arguments in convincing his/her perspectives.

A

Language is also used to persuade

56
Q

is “the manifestation of the conceptual features of a term or idea”.

A

a definition

57
Q

– also called as stipulative, it is a deliberate assignment of a meaning towards a certain term. It doesn’t point out the essence of the term represented by the idea.

A

Nominal

58
Q

Pointing out the object or giving a particular example
Etymological Definition (origin of the word)
Definition by Synonym (such as happy is synonymous to glad)
Genetic Definition (process origin of the thing)

A

nominal`

59
Q

– this is the verbal or written manifestation a term/idea’s essence

A

Real

60
Q

– Aristotle defines the former as the essential common feature of a being while the latter is the essential unique feature of a being.

A

Genus-Species Definition

61
Q

Man is a rational animal is by .

A

genus

62
Q

Biology is the study of living things is by .

A

species

63
Q

– a definition that is either based on an efficient (what is produced) or final cause (purpose/objective)

A

Casual

64
Q

Citing essential properties of a being
Citing physical properties found in the collective sense of being
Citing external features

A

Descriptive

65
Q

refers to the term or idea being defined

A

definiendum

66
Q

the written/verbal featrure of what is being defined

A

definiens

67
Q

Man is a rational animal

A

aristotle

68
Q

The intellectual
evolution of a
concept.

A

ideogenesis

69
Q

the process of simple apprehension

A

sensastion
imagination
abstraction
verbalization

70
Q

Acquisition of
“sense data”
with the help of
senses

A

sensation

71
Q

Creation of
phantasm (the
image of the extramental object)

A

imagination

72
Q

Phantasm + Meaning
= Idea

A

abstraction

73
Q

Expression of Idea =
Term

A

verbalization

74
Q

– signify a
meaning towards a concept,
normally designated by man
* Seeing a cross = points to
Christianity

A

CONVENTIONAL

75
Q

– one having necessary
connection with what it signifies
* Yawning = fatigue/sleepiness

A

NATURAL

76
Q

– total
qualities or characteristics
attributed to an idea
* Man as a rational,
sensitive, living material
being (as defined by
Aristotle)

A

COMPREHENSION

77
Q

– emphasizes
on how a quality of an idea
is applicable in a group
* Animals, which can refer
to either mammals,
birds, etc.

A

EXTENSION

78
Q

we assert that the
idea itself existed outside of the mind.
(Not fictional, in short.). Example here
are the heroes of the revolution, they
may had passed away already in this
world, but we immortalize them thru
literature and historical data.

A

By First Intention,

79
Q
  • ideas that
    have manifestation in the extramental reality
A

FIRST INTENTION

80
Q

we assert a
special existence to a certain
idea. These do not exist in reality,
but we make ways to exist it in
the world. Examples would be
superheroes: human beings that
possess inhumane capabilities.

A

By Second Intention,

81
Q
  • idea which
    expresses a thing is according to
    the special mode of existence that
    the thing has as it exists in the
    mind.
A
  • SECOND INTENTION
82
Q

– an idea that has form
as it is inherent in a certain
subject
* Beautiful landscape (landscape
can stand alone)

A

CONCRETE

83
Q
  • – an idea that is not
    identified with an subject or object
  • Beauty, without a subject, is
    just an abstract idea.
A

ABSTRACT

84
Q
    • totality of a certain
      subject/object (as a whole)
  • Humanity, Beauty, etc.
A

ABSOLUTE

85
Q
    • accident or quality
      present to a certain substance
  • Adjectives, basically
A

CONNOTATIVE

86
Q
  • intangible idea which
    comes from intuition
  • Love, justice, freedom, etc.
A

DERIVATIVE

87
Q

– highest extension,
including collective nouns,
indicators like A/The/An, proper
names, demonstrative pronouns
(this/that),superlative adjectives
(positive/negative), and personal
pronouns

A

SINGULAR

88
Q
  • – indefinite
    group, uses indicators like
    specific numbers and
    indefinite pronouns.
A

PARTICULAR

89
Q

– refers to all
objects signified by the
term
; uses general
universal quantifiers (all/no), universal ideas,
and in some cases
determiners
“A/An
”

A

UNIVERSAL

90
Q

– the use of the term in at least two occurrences still has the same
meaning.

A

UNIVOCAL

91
Q

– the use of the term in two occurrences are entirely different
with each other.

A

EQUIVOCAL

92
Q
  • – can be a homogram (different meaning and pronunciation, same
    spelling), or a homophone (different meaning and spelling, but same
    pronunciation)
A

PARTIAL

93
Q

(different meaning and pronunciation, same
spelling)

A

homogram

94
Q

(different meaning and spelling, but same
pronunciation)

A

homophone

95
Q

– same pronunciation and spelling, but different meaning

A

COMPLETE

96
Q

– term that expresses semblances of meaning in multiple uses
but possess the same spelling and pronunciation.

A

ANALOGOUS

97
Q

– terms that are associated with metaphors and other figures
of speech.

A

METAPHORICAL

98
Q

– the term’s meaning matches the actual existence signified in the external
world

A

REAL

99
Q

– the term is in reference towards imagination. (but is attempted to manifest in
the real)

A

IDEAL

100
Q
  • the term is just purely a construct of the mind.
A

INTRAMENTAL

101
Q

The term being
defined

A

definiendum

102
Q

the definition of the said term

A

definien

103
Q

the extensino/examples

A

denontata

104
Q

– stipulative definition; a
deliberate assignment of a meaning
towards a certain term

A

NOMINAL

105
Q

– the verbal or written
manifestation of a term/idea’s essence

A

REAL

106
Q

– definition based on its
efficient or final cause
* Efficient cause – what is produced
* Final cause – purpose or objective

A

CAUSAL

107
Q
A

LOGICVS (24 decks)

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