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ENVS2115 > Communities & Food Security > Flashcards

Communities & Food Security Flashcards

1
Q

How many billion people are living in countries classified as highly vulnerable and how many billion in countries very low vulnerability

A

3.3B
1.8B

3.6B live in low and lower middle income countries

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2
Q

How many % of the global population most at risk from crop failures and where

A

80%
Sub-saharan Africa
South Asia
South-east Asia

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3
Q

Across 1, 2 & 3 SSP’s global crop and economic models projected a…

A

1-29 % cereal price increase in 2050 due to RCP 6.0

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4
Q

How many additional people are at risk of hunger across the SSPs

A

1 - 183 million additional people

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5
Q

Wheat grown at __ ppm Co2 are deficient in certain minerals and macronutrients. At what percentage?

A

546 - 586

5.9 - 12.7% less protein
3.7 - 6.5% less zinc
5.2 - 7.5% less iron

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6
Q

How many GHG are attributable to the food system?

A

21 - 37%
Concentrated in Asia (2017)
Agriculture and land use, storage, transport, packaging, processing, retail, & consumption

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7
Q

Combined food loss and waste amount to how much of total food produced? In %

A

25 - 30%

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8
Q

During _ to _ global food loss and waste equalled what of total ANTHRO GHG emissions and how much does that cost

A

2010 - 2016
8 - 10% MC
1T USD2012 per year

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9
Q

How much food never reaches a human stomach? In %

How much do Australians waste of purchased food

A

30 - 50%

20%

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10
Q

Cline 2007: the overall reduction of agriculture is what? In %

A

17%

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11
Q

Gunasekera 2007: % decline by _ and % by _ for wheat, beef, diary, sugar, assuming SSP5-8.5

A

9 - 10%
2030
13 - 19%
2050

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12
Q

Garnaut 2008: % drop in irrigated agriculture by _ in MDB due to reduced runoff; at _ ppm % decline, at _ ppm _ %

A

92 %
2100
550ppm
20 %
450ppm
6 %

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13
Q

How many million people does Australia produce food for?

A

26 million

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14
Q

How many people go hungry in the world?

A

800 million, according to FAO

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15
Q

The number of people suffering acute food insecurity increased from

A

135 million in 2019
345 million in 82 countries by 2022

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16
Q

If current trends continue, the number of hungry people will reach _ by _

A

840 million
2030

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17
Q

What are the two main issues relating to food security and climate change?

A

Issue 1: Global food insecurity rising due to climate phenomena (floods, rainfall, droughts, etc)

Issue 2: Global food system is responsible for about 1/3 of GHG (1st for methane and biodiversity loss), second to energy sector

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18
Q

What four crops will be stressed by warming progress and based on what model?

A

Maize
Wheat (worst)
Rice
Soy

Global Gridded Crop Model

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19
Q

Wheat grown at 546 - 586 ppm could cause…

A

175 million people to be zinc-deficient
122 million people to be protein deficient
BY 2050

20
Q

Name four (listed in lecture) adaptations for agricultural production?

A

Use water more efficiently and effectively
Policies to manage demand
Switch to less thirsty crops
Improve soil health

21
Q

How much GHG in percentage does food industry emit?

A

26 %

22
Q

The four main sectors of food production are what and how much in percentage do they emit?

A

Supply Chain: 18%
Livestock and Fisheries: 31%
Crop Production: 27%
Land Use: 24%

23
Q

Based on the cropland GHGs map, what continent produces the most food production GHG emissions? (2017 map)

A

Asia (>1,000 Mg CO2 each year)

24
Q

List some alernative food production methods that are less impactful?

A

Seaweed diets for cows to reduce methane
Regenerative farming
Selective breeding
Changing crop varieties or species

25
Q

What are some negative impacts on production in Australia?

A

Dairy farmers relocate to cool and reliable rainfall regions
Tropical adapted grass prevalent in NT with low digestibility for livestock
Reduced grain production in drought
Reduced chilling hours in Goulburn valley impacting stone fruit
Losses of crops and livestock due to increased pests (QLD fruit fly moving southwards example)
Sugarcane grown at less than a metre affected by salinity

26
Q

Inland margin of cropping zones…

A

likely to move closer to coast

27
Q

Where are crop yields set to decline in AUS?

A

in South West WA
Southern SA
Southern VIC
Southern NSW

28
Q

Murray Darling Basin: Tell me three important facts

A

70 % of Australias irrigated water
Supports 2 million people
Produces 1/3 of domestic food supply and 40 % total agricultural production

29
Q

Murray Darling Basin: What drought caused its lowest water levels and where? What phenomenon persisted for 2 years after drought lifted?

A

Millenium Drought
South Australia
Acidification on floodplain and water

Irrigated rice decline 99 %, cotton 86 % and wheat 12 %

30
Q

Australia produces food for its population of? How much does it export

A

26 million
70 %

31
Q

What are two modes of transport vulnerable to being cut by floods and bushfires?

A

Road and railway

32
Q

What are the leading nations for per-capita emissions?

A

Saudi Arabia 17.6
United States 17.6
Canada 15.7

33
Q

What are the leading nations in emission from fossil fuels?

A

China
India
United States

34
Q

Human vulnerability is influenced by:

A

Adaptive capacity of physical structures
Social processes
Institutional structures

35
Q

Observed averaged mortality from climate hazards is how much more higher for regions ranked as very high vulnerable?

A

15 x higher
In the last decade

36
Q

Out of 2,064,929 deaths, how many were experienced by developing economies and lower middle income?

A

91 % and 53 %

37
Q

Which country is expected from __ - __ to have the highest concentration annual mortality for multiple natural hazards?

A

2020 - 2030
India
Followed by China

38
Q

What are the most vulnerable regions to climate hazards?

A

East, Central and West Africa
South Asia
Micro/Melanesia
Central America

39
Q

How many people are living in countries classified as very highly vulnerable to natural hazards?

A

3.3 Billion
3.6 Billion live in low and lower middle-income countries

40
Q

Average mortality per hazard event per region between 2010 and 2020: For each continent, what is their main death related mortality (List from largest to smallest)

A

Asia: Heat
Africa: Drought
Europe: Heat
Central and South America: Flood
North America: Storm
Small Islands: Storm
Australasia: Heat

41
Q

What the highest confident hazard risks to livelihood and what livelihood aspect is affected the most?

A

Warming Trends
Drought

Life/bodily health/food security

42
Q

Detail some of the statistics of Cyclone Kenneth.

A

Happened in 2019, strongst on record for Africa
45 total deaths with 40,000 homes destroyed
Followed Cyclone Idai 5 weeks earlier

43
Q

What noneconomic loss and damage type is vulnerable to cliimate change worldwide? Followed by what?

A

Health
Culturally meaningful places & Human Life

44
Q

Detail some of the statistics of Hurricane Maria.

A

Category 5 passed over Dominica, St Croix and Puerto Rico
Economic cost of $25-43BUSD
200,000 people migrated from Puerto Rico to USA in weeks following the storm

45
Q

In 2018, how many number of weather related climate disasters resulted in internal displacement?

A

1,518

46
Q

By 2050, how many more million people could be forced to migrate within their countries?

A

140 million
17m in Latin America
86m in Sub-Saharan Africa
40m in South Asia

55% of the world’s population live in these regions

ENVS2115 (13 decks)

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