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Chemistry > C1 Atomic Structure > Flashcards

C1 Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atom?

A

Atoms are very small particles made up of a electrons orbiting a nucleus.

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A single pure substance made up of a single type of atom, found in the periodic table.

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3
Q

What is a compound?

A

Something made up from different elements, chemically bonded together.

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4
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together.

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5
Q

What is the nucleus made up of?

A

Protons and neutrons.

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6
Q

What orbits the nucleus?

A

Electrons

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7
Q

What is the big number called?

A

Mass number

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8
Q

What does the mass number represent?

A

Protons + neutrons.

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9
Q

What is the small number?

A

The atomic number.

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10
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

Number of protons.

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11
Q

What are the 3 subatomic particles?

A

Electrons, neutrons, protons.

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12
Q

What was the Greek model of the atom?

A

The smallest thing you could get was an atom ( small, hard sphere).

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13
Q

Who discovered the election?

A

JJ Thompson

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14
Q

What was the plum pudding model?

A

Blob of positive charge with negative charge dotted around like plums in a pudding.

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15
Q

Who discovered the proton?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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16
Q

What was the nuclear model?

A

Hard, dense nucleus in middle of the atom because only a small number of alpha particles hit it.

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17
Q

What was Rutherford’s scattering experiment?

A

Rutherford’s scattering experiment helped to explain the reflection of alpha particles. He fired alpha particles at a gold sheet.

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18
Q

What was the Bhor model?

A

The Bhor model suggested by Niels Bohr helped to explain why electrons were found in shells/ energy levels.

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19
Q

Who discovered the neutron?

A

James Chadwick

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20
Q

What did James Chadwick help to explain?

A

He helped to explain why some atoms of the same element were heavier than others.

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21
Q

What is abundance?

A

How common something is.

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22
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

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23
Q

How many electrons can the first shell hold?

A

2

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24
Q

How many electrons can the second shell hold?

A

8

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25
Q

Why do electrons orbit the nucleus?

A

They are held there by electrostatic attraction. The negatively charged electrons are drawn to the positive charge of the protons/nucleus.

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26
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

0 (very small)

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27
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1

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28
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1

29
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

-1

30
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

+1

31
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

0

32
Q

In Rutherford’s scattering experiment, how many alpha particles fired back?

A

1 in 8000.

33
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has lost or gained electrons.

34
Q

Why do atoms try to gain/lose electrons?

A

So that they have a full outer shell and become more stable.

35
Q

What are Group 0 known as?

A

Noble gases

36
Q

What are Group 7 known as?

A

Halogens

37
Q

What are Group 1 known as?

A

Alkali metals

38
Q

What are Group 2 known as?

A

Alkali Earth metals

39
Q

What are rows in the periodic table known as?

A

Periods

40
Q

What are columns in the periodic table known as?

A

Groups

41
Q

Why are Group 0 elements unreactive?

A

Because they are already stable.

42
Q

What happens to reactivity in Group 1?

A

As you go down the group, the elements become more reactive.

43
Q

What happens to meeting point in Group 1?

A

As you go down the group, melting point decreases.

44
Q

What happens as the distance between the nucleus and the outer shell increases?

A

Larger atomic radius means more election shells+ shielding so distance gets bigger, attraction is weaker and electrons are more easily lost.

45
Q

What happens as you go down Group 1?

A

Reactivity decreases

46
Q

What physical properties do transition metals have?

A

Good conductors, high meeting points, high densities, hard and tough, can be hammered/bent easily into shape.

47
Q

What chemical properties do transition metals have?

A

Less reactive than alkali metals, form coloured ions of different charges, catalysts.

48
Q

What are alloys?

A

Metal mixed in with another atom so no layers, jumbled pattern.

49
Q

What are the 5 separation techniques?

A

Filtration, evaporation, distillation, chromatography, fractional distillation.

50
Q

What is filtration?

A

Separates insoluble solid from a liquid.

51
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Separates a soluble solid from a solution.

52
Q

What is distillation?

A

Separates liquid from a solution.

53
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Separates crude oil.

54
Q

What is chromatography?

A

Separates mixtures of coloured compounds.

55
Q

Metal + oxygen→

A

Metal oxide

56
Q

Metal + chlorine →

A

Metal chloride

57
Q

Metal + water →

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

58
Q

Acid + metal →

A

Metal salt + hydrogen

59
Q

Acid + alkali →

A

Metal salt + water

60
Q

Acid + metal oxide →

A

Metal salt + water

61
Q

How did Mendeleev organise the periodic table?

A

In order of increasing atomic mass.

62
Q

Acid + carbonate →

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

63
Q

What salt does sulfuric acid make?

A

Sulfate

64
Q

What salt does hydrochloric acid make?

A

Chloride

65
Q

What salt does nitric acid make?

A

Nitrate

66
Q

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the periodic table?

A

For undiscovered elements.

67
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

0.1 nm (1 × 10 -10 m)

68
Q

What is the radius of a nucleus?

A

(1 × 10 -14 m) is less than 1 / 10 , 000 of the radius of an atom.

Chemistry (15 decks)

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