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CCE 101 > CCE WEEK 4 > Flashcards

CCE WEEK 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Analog Signal?

A

A continuous signal in which one time-varying quantity represents another time-based variable.

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2
Q

What is a Digital Signal?

A

A signal that is being used to represent data as a sequence of discrete values.

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3
Q

What is a Numbering System?

A

A systematic way to represent numbers with symbolic characters and uses a base value to conveniently group numbers in compact form.

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4
Q

What is the Absolute Value of a digit in a number?

A

The magnitude of a digit in a number.

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5
Q

What does Place Value refer to?

A

Place Value refers to the position of the digit in that number.

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6
Q

What is a Bit?

A

A Bit holds one of two possible values, either of the binary digits 0 or 1.

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7
Q

What is a Byte?

A

A Byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits.

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8
Q

What is a Nibble?

A

A Nibble is a four-bit aggregation, or half an octet.

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9
Q

What is a Boolean Function?

A

A Boolean Function is an expression formed with binary variables.

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10
Q

What is a Logic Gate?

A

A Logic Gate is a building block of a digital circuit.

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11
Q

How are computers classified according to functionality?

A

Computers are classified according to functionality, physical size, and purpose. Functionality-wise, they can be analog, digital, or hybrid.

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12
Q

What distinguishes digital computers from analog computers?

A

Digital computers process data in discrete form, while analog computers process continuous data.

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13
Q

What is modulation used for in digital communication?

A

Modulation is used to convert a digital signal to an analog signal, often for transmission over analog telephone lines.

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14
Q

Why is the binary number system commonly used in digital devices?

A

Binary is used because digital devices operate on binary logic (ON and OFF), and it’s more reliable, compact, and energy-efficient.

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15
Q

What is the base value of the decimal numbering system?

A

The base value of the decimal numbering system is 10.

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16
Q

How is the value of a decimal number calculated?

A

The value of a decimal number is the sum of each digit multiplied by 10 raised to the power of its position.

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17
Q

What is the place value of a digit in a number?

A

Place value refers to the position of the digit in that number, such as tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.

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18
Q

What is the base value of the binary numbering system?

A

The base value of the binary numbering system is 2.

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19
Q

How are binary numbers written?

A

Binary numbers are written as X2, and each digit in a binary number is called a BIT.

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20
Q

How does the place value increase in binary numbers?

A

In binary numbers, the place values increase by a factor of 2.

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21
Q

What is the Hexadecimal Numbering System?

A

The hexadecimal numbering system is a base 16 system that consists of digits ranging from 0 to 9 and letters A to F, where A is equivalent to 10, B to 11, up to F which is equivalent to 15 in the base ten system.

22
Q

How can you denote a hexadecimal number?

A

A hexadecimal number can be denoted using 16 as a subscript or the capital letter H to the right of the number, such as 94B16 or 94BH.

23
Q

How can you convert binary numbers to hexadecimal numbers?

A

Every nibble (4 bits) can be converted to a hexadecimal digit using a conversion table.

24
Q

What are the two types of electric charge?

A

The two types of electric charge are Positive (Protons) and Negative (Electrons).

25
Q

What is Current, and how is it represented?

A

Current is represented by the letter I, and its basic unit of measurement is the ampere, abbreviated as amp or A. 1 amp equals 1 coulomb per second.

26
Q

What is Voltage, and how is it quantitatively expressed?

A

Voltage, also known as electromotive force, is a quantitative expression of the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field.

27
Q

What is Power, and how is it calculated?

A

Power is the amount of energy used or the amount of “work” a circuit is doing. It is represented by the letter P and is measured in watts (W). Power is calculated as P = E * I, where E is voltage and I is current.

28
Q

What is Resistance, and how is it represented?

A

Resistance is the opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current. It is represented by the letter R, and its standard unit of measurement is the ohm (Ω).

29
Q

What is Ohm’s Law, and what does it describe?

A

Ohm’s Law is a mathematical relationship between current (I), voltage (E), and resistance (R), expressed as E = I * R.

30
Q

What is a Resistor, and what is its function?

A

A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit to provide a specific voltage for an active device, such as a transistor.

31
Q

How are resistors represented in circuit diagrams, and what do their colors indicate?

A

Resistors can be represented by a ‘box’ symbol or a ‘zig-zag’ symbol in circuit diagrams. The color of a resistor indicates its value in ohms and follows a color-coding system.

32
Q

How can you determine the value of a resistor using color codes?

A

ou can determine the value of a resistor by interpreting its color code bands. The first band represents the first digit, the second band represents the second digit, the third band (if present) represents the multiplier, and the fourth band (if present) represents the tolerance.

33
Q

What is the tolerance value for a resistor with a gold band?

A

The tolerance value for a resistor with a gold band is ±5%, which means the actual resistance can vary between 95% and 105% of the stated value.

34
Q

How do you calculate the total resistance in a series circuit?

A

To calculate the total resistance in a series circuit, you can use the formula: RTotal = R1 + R2 + R3 + … (for all resistors in series).

35
Q

What is the formula for calculating voltage in a circuit?

A

The formula for calculating voltage (E) in a circuit is: Voltage (E) = Current (I) * Resistance (R).

36
Q

What is the difference between calculating voltage across resistors in series and parallel?

A

In series, the current remains the same for all resistors, so you add up the individual resistances to find the total resistance. In parallel, the voltage across all resistors is the same, and you can use the product over sum formula to find the total resistance.

37
Q

What is a capacitor, and what is its function?

A

A capacitor is a device used to store electrical charge in a circuit. It functions by storing energy in an electric field and releasing it when needed.

38
Q

What is the unit of capacitance, and how large is one Farad (F)?

A

The unit of capacitance is the Farad (F), and one Farad is equivalent to 6,280,000,000,000,000,000 electrons.

39
Q

What is Boolean Algebra, and how is it related to electronic gates?

A

Boolean Algebra is a mathematical system used to manipulate binary variables (0 and 1). It is used in electronic gates to design and analyze digital circuits, as electronic gates implement Boolean functions.

40
Q

What are the basic operations of Boolean Algebra?

A

The basic operations of Boolean Algebra are AND, OR, and NOT, which correspond to logical operations in digital circuits.

41
Q

What is the commutative law in Boolean Algebra, and how does it apply to logic gates?

A

The commutative law states that the order of operands doesn’t affect the result. In Boolean Algebra, it means A + B = B + A (commutative law of addition) and AB = BA (commutative law of multiplication), which apply to logic gates like OR and AND gates.

42
Q

What is the distributive law in Boolean Algebra, and how does it apply to logic gates?

A

The distributive law in Boolean Algebra states that A(B + C) = AB + AC. It applies to logic gates by showing how to simplify complex logic expressions by distributing a common term.

43
Q

What are the rules for manipulating Boolean expressions in terms of 0 and 1?

A

The rules include: A + 0 = A, A + 1 = 1, A * 0 = 0, A * 1 = A, and more. These rules help simplify Boolean expressions and design digital circuits efficiently.

44
Q

What is the purpose of electronic resistors in circuits, and how are they represented in diagrams?

A

Electronic resistors are used to limit the flow of electric current in circuits. They are represented in diagrams with symbols like ‘box’ symbols or ‘zig-zag’ symbols, and their color indicates their resistance value in ohms.

45
Q

What is the result when a variable is ORed with itself in Boolean Algebra?

A

When a variable is ORed with itself, the result is always equal to the variable. A + A = A, whether A is 0 or 1.

46
Q

What is the result when a variable is ORed with its complement in Boolean Algebra?

A

When a variable is ORed with its complement, the result is always equal to 1. A + Ā = 1, whether A is 0 or 1.

47
Q

What is the result when a variable is ANDed with itself in Boolean Algebra?

A

When a variable is ANDed with itself, the result is always equal to the variable. A * A = A, whether A is 0 or 1.

48
Q

What is the result when a variable is ANDed with its complement in Boolean Algebra?

A

When a variable is ANDed with its complement, the result is always equal to 0. A * Ā = 0, whether A is 0 or 1.

49
Q

What is the double complement of a variable in Boolean Algebra?

A

The double complement of a variable is always equal to the variable itself. If you start with the variable A, and complement (invert) it twice, you get back to A.

50
Q

What is Rule 10 in Boolean Algebra, and how can it be proved?

A

Rule 10 is A + AB = A. It can be proved using the distributive law, Rule 2 (A + AB = A), and Rule 4 (A * 1 = A).

51
Q

What is Rule 11 in Boolean Algebra, and how can it be proved?

A

Rule 11 is A + ĀB = A + B. It can be proved by applying distributive law, Rule 10 (A + AB = A), and Rule 8 (A * Ā = 0).

52
Q

What is Rule 12 in Boolean Algebra, and how can it be proved?

A

Rule 12 is (A + B)(A + C) = A + BC. It can be proved by using the distributive law and applying Rule 7 (AA = A), Rule 2 (1 + C = 1), Rule 4 (A * 1 = A), and Rule 2 (1 + B = 1).

CCE 101 (4 decks)

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