Skin Structure and Growth

Question 1

arrector pili muscles

Answer 1

small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goosebumps

Question 2

barrier function

Answer 2

complex of lipids that keep the skin moist by preventing water evaporation and guards against irritants penetrating the skins surface; and to help regulate the skin’s pH

Question 3

broad spectrum protein

Answer 3

sunscreen product that has been shown to protect from burning, skin cancer , and premature aging; protects against both UVA and UVB radiation from the sun

Question 4

collagen

Answer 4

fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; gives the skin form and strength.

Question 5

dermal papillae

Answer 5

membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis

Question 6

dermatologist

Answer 6

physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.

Question 7

dermatology

Answer 7

medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.

Question 8

dermis

Answer 8

also known as derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; underlying or inner layer of the skin

Question 9

elastin

Answer 9

protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue

Question 10

dermal-epidermal junction

Answer 10

top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis

Question 11

epidermis

Answer 11

outermost and thinnest later of skin, made up of five layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum

Question 12

eumelanin

Answer 12

type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color

Question 13

hair papillae

Answer 13

cone shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb; papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment

Question 14

keratin

Answer 14

fibrous protein of cells that is also principle component of skin, hair, and nails.

Question 15

melanin

Answer 15

tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) produced by melanocytes deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and papillary layers of the dermis

Question 16

melanocytes

Answer 16

cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin

Question 17

motor nerve fibers

Answer 17

fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles

Question 18

papillary layer

Answer 18

outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis

Question 19

pheomelanin

Answer 19

type of melanin that is red to yellow in color

Question 20

reticular layer

Answer 20

deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients

Question 21

sebaceous glands

Answer 21

also known as oil glands; glands connected to hair follicles; secrete sebum

Question 22

sebum

Answer 22

fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair.

Question 23

secretory coil

Answer 23

coiled base of the sudoiferous (sweat) gland

Question 24

secretory nerve fibers

Answer 24

regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin

Question 25

sensory nerve fibers

Answer 25

fibers of the sensory nerves that react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain.

Question 26

stratum corneum

Answer 26

also known as horny layer; outermost layer of the epidermis

Question 27

stratum germinativum

Answer 27

commonly called the basal cell layer; deepest, live layer of the epidermis that produces skin cells and is responsible for growth

Question 28

stratum granulosum

Answer 28

also known as granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resembles granules.

Question 29

stratum lucidum

Answer 29

clear, transparent later of the epidermis under the stratum corneum.

Question 30

stratum spinosum

Answer 30

also known as the spiny layer; layer of the epidermis just above the stratum germinativum (basal) layer

Question 31

subcataneous layer

Answer 31

also known as hypodermis or superficial fasica; consists of subcutaneous (fat) tssue located beneath the dermis

Question 32

subcutaneous tissue

Answer 32

also known as adipose subcutis tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for energy, and acts as a protective cushion for the skin

Question 33

sudoriferous glands

Answer 33

also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals

Question 34

sweat glands

Answer 34

also known as sudoiferous glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals

Question 35

tactile corpuscles

Answer 35

small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure.