PRAC RES 1 1st PPT

Question 1

Types of research according to objectives

Answer 1

1. Pure
2. Applied
3. Exploratory
4. Explanatory
5. Quantitative
6. Qualitative

Question 2

Qualitative research is commonly called

Answer 2

interpretive research

Question 3

This research type’s methods rely heavily on “thick verbal descriptions of a particular context being studied”

Answer 3

Qualitative Research

Question 4

The main instrument of data collection in qualitative research

Answer 4

researchers

Question 5

data is analyzed in qualitative research using

Answer 5

interpretative lenses

Question 6

5 General Characteristics of Qualitative Research

Answer 6

1. Data sources are real-world situations
2. Data are descriptive
3. Emphasizes a holistic approach
4. Data analysis is inductive
5. Describes the meaning of res findings from the perspective of res participants

Question 7

Qualitative Research uses _______ which involves developing generalizations from a limited number of specific observations

Answer 7

inductive reasoning

Question 8

3 Strengths and Advantages of Qualitative Research

Answer 8

1. Use of open-ended questions and probing
2. Allow the researcher the flexibility to probe initial participant responses
3. Exploratory Advantage

Question 9

gives participants the opportunity to respond in their own words, rather than forcing them to choose from fixed responses, as quantitative methods do.

Answer 9

Use of open-ended questions and probing

Question 10

Open-ended questions have the ability to evoke responses that are:

Answer 10

*meaningful and culturally salient to the participant
* unanticipated by the researcher
* rich and explanatory in nature

Question 11

Advantage in which the researcher can get an in-depth response to make the study substantial

Answer 11

Exploratory Advantage

Question 12

5 Weakness/Issues in qualitative research

Answer 12

a. gaining entry
b. contacting potential research participants
c. selecting participants
d. enhancing validity and reducing bias
e. leaving the field

Question 13

issue in qualitative research in which access is very much dependent upon the researcher’s personal characteristics and how others perceive the researcher
 may require considerable negotiation and compromise with a gatekeeper
 trust is earned, not given

Answer 13

gaining entry

Question 14

issue in qualitative research relating to gaining access, dealing with gatekeeper(s) and issues of building trust and ensuring confidentiality and anonymity

Answer 14

contacting potential research participants

Question 15

issue in qualitative research fraught with difficulties in identifying and selecting an appropriate number of participants who can provide useful information about the particular topic and setting being studied

Answer 15

selecting participants

Question 16

an issue in qualitative research pertaining to observer bias or invalid information resulting from the perspective the researcher brings to the study and imposes upon it

Answer 16

enhancing validity and reducing bias

Question 17

an issue in qualitative research raising the question when and how to exit
…the bonds formed with study participants complicate leaving the setting
…time constraints
…when the amount of accessible data is sufficient

Answer 17

leaving the field

Question 18

Types of Qualitative Researches: Qualitative Traditions of Inquiry

Answer 18

1. Biography–Life history, oral
   history
2. Phenomenology–The lived experience
3. Grounded theory
4. Ethnography
5. Case Study

Question 19

The study of an individual and her or his experiences as told to the researcher or found in documents and archival material.

Answer 19

Biographical Study

Question 20

The study of an individual’s life and how it reflects cultural themes of the society.

Answer 20

Life history

Question 21

The researcher gathers personal recollections of events, their causes, and their effects from and individual or several individuals.

Answer 21

Oral history

Question 22

Describes the meaning of the lived experience about a concept or a phenomenon for several individuals.
It has roots in the philosophical perspectives of Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty,

Answer 22

Phenomenology

Question 23

Moustakas, 1994, p. 13: to determine what an experience means for the persons who have had the experience and are able to provide a comprehensive description of it. From the individual descriptions, general or universal meanings are derived, in other words, the essences of structures of the experience.”

Answer 23

Phenomenology

Question 24

Based on Symbolic Interactionism which posits that humans act and interact on the basis of symbols, which have meaning and value for the actors.

Answer 24

Grounded Theory

Question 25

The intent of _________ is to generate or discover a theory that relates to a particular situation. If little is known about a topic, grounded theory is especially useful

Answer 25

grounded theory

Question 26

• Data analysis generates a visual picture, a narrative statement or a series of hypotheses with a central phenomenon, causal conditions, context and consequences.
• The researcher needs to set aside theoretical ideas or notions so that analytical or substantive theories can emerge from the data.
• Systematic approach

Answer 26

Grounded Theory

Question 27

A description and interpretation of a cultural or social group or system. The researcher examines the group’s observable and learned patterns of behavior, customs, and ways of life.
Involves prolonged observation of the group, typically through participant observation.

Answer 27

Ethnography

Question 28

What do you call the insider group perspective and researcher’s interpretation of social life in ethnography?

Answer 28

Emic and Etic

Question 29

The fieldwork, key informants, thick description, and needs grounding in anthropology

Answer 29

Ethnography

Question 30

T or F. It doesn’t take much time to collect data in ethnography since participant observation is being used

Answer 30

FALSE

Question 31

Many ethnographies may be written in a _________ approach which may be difficult for the audience accustomed to usual social science writing.

Answer 31

narrative or story telling

Question 32

an exploration of a “bounded system” or a case (or multiple cases) over time through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information rich in context.

Answer 32

Case Study

Question 33

The __________ of the case involves situating the case within its setting. which may be physical, social, historical, and/or economic.

Answer 33

context of the case

Question 34

Data collection strategies in a case study include ___________________________

Answer 34

direct observation,
interviews,
documents,
archival records,
participant observation,
physical artifacts and
audiovisual materials.

Question 35

Analysis of themes, or issues and an interpretation of the case by the researcher.

Answer 35

Case Study