2.1 cell structure Flashcards
name all the organelles you could find in an eukaryotic cell
nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, RER, SER, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, cellsurface/plamic membrane, centrioles, cell wall, chloroplats, permenant/non p vacuole, flagella, cilia
describe the organelles in the nucleus and all their functions
nucleus- contains cell activity by controlling the transcription of DNA which contains instructions to make proteins, contains organisms genome
nucleolus- makes ribosomes by making RNA
chromatin- consists of DNA and proteins
nuclear envelope- a double membrane which has nuclear pores to allow substance to move between the cell and nucleus
describe the function and structure of the RER
rough endoplasmic reticulum - folds processes proteins made by the ribosomes (adds a carbohydrate group), has ribosomes attached to it
describe the function and structure of the SER
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - synthesises and processes lipids, phospholipids and steroids, has no ribosomes attached
describe the function and structure of the golgi apparatus
processes and packages new proteins and lipids into vesicles, made of membrane bound flattened sacs
what is the function of ribosomes and whats the difference between free ribosomes?
site of protein synthesis
free - float free and are not attached to the RER
describe the role of mitochondria and their structure
site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced
smooth outer membrane
folded inner membrane that form cristae
matrix which contains enzymes
what is the role of lysosomes
contains digestive enzymes (lysozyme)
describe the function and structure of centrioles
involved with the seperation of chromosomes during cell division
small hollow cylinders, made of microtubules (9 pairs) held by supporting proteins
describe the flagella’s structure, function and where it’s found
made of 9 pairs of microtubules with 2 in the middle, basal body
outside the cell on the cell surface membrane
movement/locomotion of the cell
describe the cilia’s structure, function and where its found
made of 9 microtubules with 2 in the middle, basal body
outside surface of cell surface membrane
moves substances along cell surface
how does the cilia and flagella move
motor proteins move across generating a force which makes it beat
describe the function of a cell wall and what its made from
provides rigid structure and has a defense mechanism to protect against pathogens and is fully permeable
cellulose
are vacuoles permanent or non permanent in plant cells
permanent vacuoles in plant cells
non permanent vacuoles in animal cells
describe the structure of the vacuole and what it contains and stores
membrane (tonoplast) lined sacs that contain cell sap
stores water
are vacuoles fully permeable
no, selectively permeable
what type of membrane does a chloroplast have
describe the internal features of a chloroplast
double membrane
internal membrane = thylakoid
grana = stacked up thylakoid
grana joined by lamallae
inside fluid = stoma
what is the role of chloroplasts and what else do they contain thats different to other organelles
site of photosynthesis
contain DNA and ribosomes
what is the cytoskeleton
an extensive network of protein fibres
what is the function of the cytoskelton
structural support and strengthening
intracellular movement/ transport organelles within a cell
cellular movement
name the three protein fibres in cytoskeleton
microfilaments
microtubules
intermediate filaments
desribe the structure of microfilaments
narrowest 7nm
made of many linked monomers of protein actin in a double helix structure
actin filaments assemble and dissassemble quickly allowing movement