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PT Exam - 1 > Physical Examination - Class 2 > Flashcards

Physical Examination - Class 2 Flashcards

1
Q

may of the physical tests used to provide info regarding the presence of dz

A

fall outside the realm of PT

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2
Q

what do these physical tests include

A

urine analysis

blood tests

radiologic testing

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3
Q

what will provide important info regarding the nature of the lesion

A

having knowledge to interpret clinical findings from tests and measure that do fall w/in the realm of PT

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4
Q

tests and measure that do fall w/in the realm of PT

A

alteration of sxs

detection of dysfxn

observation

palpation

percussion

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5
Q

if sxs do not change

A

refer to dr

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6
Q

what must we consider before referring out

A

lesion may not be irritable

physical exam does not place enough stress on the area to provoke sxs

did we examine the right area

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7
Q

when we are confident that…

A

we examine the right body part

the condition sounds irritable

sxs have no been altered

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8
Q

what should we do when we are confident

A

be suspicious of what is the source of the sxs

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9
Q

how may dysfxn be identified

A

palpation

AROM

PROM testing

resisted testing

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10
Q

suspicious of a fxnal (psychological) or pathologic condition when

A

conclude out exam

do not detect significant dysfxn related to the pt’s fxnal limitations or sxs

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11
Q

observation can give

A

important info regarding the possible presence of dz process

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12
Q

important areas to observe are

A

skin

hair

nails

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13
Q

most skin lesions are

A

benign

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14
Q

some skin lesions are suggestive of

A

serious pathology

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15
Q

serious pathology –> skin lesions

A

melanoma

squamous basal cell carcinoma

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16
Q

characteristics of skin lesions –> color

A

variation w/in the noted area or structure

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17
Q

characteristics of skin lesions –> perimeter/border

A

irregular

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18
Q

characteristics of skin lesions –>surface

A

raised and irregular

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19
Q

characteristics of skin lesions –>shape

A

asymmetrical

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20
Q

characteristics of skin lesions –>consistency

A

firm to hard

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21
Q

characteristics of skin lesions –> of the lesion

A

ulceration or crusting

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22
Q

characteristics of skin lesions –> ABCDE

A

asymmetry

border

color

diameter

elevation/evolving

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23
Q

asymmetry

A

does one half of the area differ from the other half

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24
Q

border

A

the edges of the area are uneven or irregular

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25
Q

color

A

the colors vary w/in the area

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26
Q

diameter

A

greater than 6 mm

(size of a pencil eraser)

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27
Q

elevation/evolving

A

surface of an area is elevated

or

there have been changes in size, color or shape

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28
Q

what if we noticed a lesion with any combination of the ABCDE findings

A

ask if physician is aware of this “spot”

29
Q

what is physician is not aware of skin lesion

A

recommend to go see the physician

do this in a non-alarming fashion

30
Q

skin color

A

cyanosis

jaundice

pallor

redness

red streaks

31
Q

cyanosis

A

dark bluish coloration of skin, including nails +/or mucum membranes

32
Q

what is cyanosis sedondary to

A

poor oxygenation of blood

33
Q

what can cyanosis be a sign of

A

advanced lung dz

CV system involvement

34
Q

jaundice

A

yellowish coloration of structures including skin, tongue, lips

35
Q

what can jaundice indicate

A

liver dz

blood disorder

36
Q

what may also be effected by jaundice

A

sclera of eyes may also show color changes

37
Q

pallor can be indicative of

A

CV system disorder

arterial insuff

anemia

38
Q

redness is a general indication of

A

dz process

39
Q

red streaks may be suggestive of

A

infectious process

40
Q

skin conditions includes

A

observation of body have and nails

41
Q

hair loss –> PVD

A

at hands

forearms

feet

lower legs

42
Q

more general hair loss may be associated w/

A

anemia

hypopituitarism

43
Q

increase hair growth patterns can be seen in

A

Cushing’s syndrome

certain cancers of the adrenals and gonads

44
Q

nails

A

clubbing

transverse sulci

pitting

spoon shaped

45
Q

clubbing of nails may indicate

A

pulmonary system dz including lung cancer

46
Q

what is clubbing of the nails

A

angle b/w the fingernail and nail base

exceeding 180 degrees

47
Q

nail base –> clubbing

A

swollen and soft

48
Q

transverse sulci run

A

perpendicular to the longitudinal axis

49
Q

transverse sulci may be accompanying with

A

anemia

malnutrition

acute stage of infectious dz

50
Q

pitting of nail associated w/

A

psoriasis

DM

PVD

51
Q

spoon shape nail

A

concave shape to nail

52
Q

spoon shape nail associated w/

A

anemia

chronic infection

malnutrition

Raynauds syndrome

53
Q

palpation of

A

skin temp

lymph nodes

peripheral pulses

abdomen

54
Q

decreased skin temp

A

one sign of hypothyroidism

55
Q

increased skin temp

A

hyperthyroidism

localized: inflammatory process

infectious process

56
Q

lymph nodes are palpable it may suggest

A

presence of infection of neoplasm

57
Q

lymph nodes in healthy people

A

not palpable

up to 1cm are considered normal

58
Q

what kind of lymph nodes may raise concern

A

fixed or immovable

59
Q

normal lymph nodes should not be

A

tender to touch

nodes that are not tender are not necessarily normal

60
Q

areas to palpate lymph nodes

A

submandibular

supraclavicular

anterior and posterior cervical regions

axilla

femoral triangle around the inguinal ligament

61
Q

peripheral pulses

A

asses for rate, rhythm and regularity

62
Q

palpate the abdomen for the presence of

A

aortic aneurysm

63
Q

what dose and aortic aneurysm feel like

A

pulsation that is more prominent and distinct w/in a confined region

pulse greater than 2-3 inches wide

64
Q

abnormal soft tissue and bony masses are a

A

ongoing process

65
Q

percussion

A

applying vibratory force to bone tissue

66
Q

what may percussion provide info regarding

A

presence of dz state of fx

67
Q

spine percussion

A

percuss spinous processes with a reflex hammer or with fingertips

w/ pt in a forward flexed position

68
Q

spine percussion –> if there is an infection or tumor

A

severe pain and tenderness

deep, dull, throbbing pain
–> that does not decrease in intensity immediately after completion of the technique

69
Q

when can cancer be ruled out w/ 100% sensitivity

A

less than 50 yrs of age

no history of primary cancer

no unexplained weight loss

condition improving w/ time or conservative therapy

PT Exam - 1 (15 decks)

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