Alexander II & III - Review

Question 1

What are the two memorable Nick 1 quotes?

Answer 1

“Autocracy, orthodoxy and nationality”
“Hold on to everything”

Question 2

What were the conditions in the army like for Alex 2?

Answer 2

• Severe consequences in the Crimean war, only 60,000/1,000,000 showed up
• Undertrained, antiquated gear
• Mandatory service for 25 years

Question 3

What were the conditions surrounding serfdom for Alex 2?

Answer 3

• 90% of population are serfs (40-50m)
• Contributed to the status of nobility
• After emancipation, 85% of former serfs were landowners in 20 years.

Question 4

What were the conditions surrounding the church for Alex 2?

Answer 4

• Orthodox
• Supported the Tsar, run by the Tsar ‘divine rights’

Question 5

What were the conditions surrounding bureaucracy for Alex 2?

Answer 5

• 114,000 administrators
• Poorly administrated
• 45% of the budget goes to the military

Question 6

What were the conditions surrounding the nobility for Alex 2?

Answer 6

• The Romanov dynasty, which had been around for approx. 250 years
• Fully in support of the Tsar
• Feudal Social hierarchy, landowners

Question 7

What were the conditions surrounding the police and judiciary for Alex 2?

Answer 7

• No judiciary
• Had police and a secret police force

Question 8

What were the conditions surrounding the middle class for Alex 2?

Answer 8

• Free, educated people (business owners, traders, lawyers)

Question 9

What were the conditions surrounding taxation for Alex 2?

Answer 9

• Peasants pay 90% of the taxes

Question 10

What was the Wallace HSQ?

Answer 10

“So long as serfage existed it was a mere mockery to talk about reorganizing Russia”

Question 11

What was the Peter Kropotin PSQ?

Answer 11

“They so much valued the abolishment of their personal enslavement that they accepted the ruinous charges”

Question 12

HSQ’s

Answer 12

“Starting reforms in Russia is dangerous, but it is much more dangerous to stop them.” - Radzinsky
“The most dangerous movement for a bad government is when it begins to reform.” - de Tocqueville.

Question 13

What were some of the impacts of Alex II?

Answer 13

• Slavophiles wanted to keep Russia the way it is
• Westerners wanted to introduce some Western ideas.

Question 14

What were the five factors contributing to the growth of opposition in Alex II?

Answer 14

1. Expectations to satisfy everyone
2. Relaxation of censorship spreads new ideas
3. Students abroad are exposed to new ideas
4. Zemstvo, middle class wanted ‘revolution from below’
5. More conservative thinkers (right) felt reforms were to radical

Question 15

What was the Grenville quote (Alex 2)?

Answer 15

“The reforms of the 1860s did not liberate the Russian people.”

Question 16

What was the Westwood quote (Alex 2)?

Answer 16

“No Russian ruler brought so much relief to so many of this people.”

Question 17

Alex 3 PSQ’s

Answer 17

“They can be repressed; the evil seed can be uprooted” Pobedonostev