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EPID 571 > Lecture 4, part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 4, part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What agencies routinely collect PH data?

A

Governmental and non-governmental agencies

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2
Q

What PH data information is available?

A

Vital stats
Infectious dz
Chronic illness
Injuries
Health behaviors
Utilization of health svcs
Environmental modeling

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3
Q

Why is it important to understand data collection methods and limitations of each data source?

A

To interpret the information appropriately

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4
Q

What are the data source considerations?

A

Specific pop covered by data collection system
Time period covered by the data collection system
Types of measures, classification, diagnostic criteria
Likelihood of inaccuracies or incomplete data

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5
Q

What specific pops could be covered in data sources?

A

Census
Sampling from a target pop
Institutionalized vs non-institutionalized
Civilian vs military

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6
Q

Considerations specific to time period in data sources

A

Frequency of data collection: continuous, intermittent, etc.
Frequency of data updates
Changes in data collection methods over time

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7
Q

What are the types of measures, classification, and diagnostic criteria in data sources?

A

ICD9/10 codes
Biological/laboratory testing
Responses to interview-based surveys

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8
Q

What possible sources of data are there in the natural hx of dz?

A

Screening programs
Pt interviews/questionnaires
Medical/physician/insurance records
Clinical, registries, notifiable
Vital stats

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9
Q

How many actual cases are we really only often able to detect?

A

A fraction

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10
Q

Definition of PH surveillance

A

The ongoing and systematic process of data collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of descriptive info for monitoring health problems

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11
Q

What does public health surveillance do?

A

Collects and analyzes data to monitor health problems and facilitate their prevention or control

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12
Q

What is the primary goal of PH surveillance?

A

Guide PH policy and action

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13
Q

How is the importance of the health problem to PH determined?

A

Incidence and prevalence
Severity, sequelae, disabilities, mortality
Socioeconomic impact
Potential for spread
Public concern

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14
Q

How is the ability to prevent, control, or treat the health problem determined?

A

Preventability
Effective control measures
Education
Vaccines
Tx

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15
Q

How is the capacity of the health system to implement control measures for the health problem evaluated?

A

Speed of response
Economics
Availability of resources
Surveillance feasibility and timeliness

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16
Q

What are the essential surveillance activities?

A
  1. Collection of surveillance data
  2. Analysis of surveillance data
  3. Interpretation of surveillance data
  4. Dissemination of surveillance data
17
Q

What are the four methods commonly used to collect health-related data?

A

Environmental monitoring
Surveys
Registries
Notification

18
Q

What are three ways to obtain a notification for a dz?

A

Passive surveillance
Active surveillance
Enhanced surveillance

19
Q

In the U.S., who determines which communicable dzs and other health conditions should be reported to federal authorities by the states?

A

The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and the CDC

20
Q

What are the conditions called that require a notification?

A

Notifiable or reportable conditions

21
Q

What category are most types of notifiable dzs in?

A

Communicable

22
Q

Why are communicable dzs the majority of the notifiable dz list?

A

Greater likelihood of producing immediate increased threats to PH

23
Q

Pathway of notifiable dzs

A

HC providers, labs, and institutions, report to the local HD if applicable, or if no local HD, then state/territorial HD.
If local HD, the local HD reports to the state/territorial HD.
The state/territorial HD then reports to the CDC

24
Q

What is involved in passive surveillance?

A

HC providers send reports to HDs on the basis of a known set of rules and regulation (provider-initiated)

25
Q

What is involved in active surveillance?

A

HD staff contact HC providers to solicit reports (usually only conducted short-term during times of concern)

26
Q

How is PH surveillance useful?

A

Detect sudden changes in dz occurrence and distribution
Monitor health behaviors and HC practices

27
Q

What are the three main criteria to consider with surveillance data in terms of deciding which conditions to survey?

A

Importance of the health problem to PH
Ability to prevent, control, or treat the health problem
Capacity of health system to implement control measures for the health problem

EPID 571 (34 decks)

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