Unbiased Book Flashcards
What is categorization?
It is a grouping of like things together.
What does categorization do?
It is a universal function of the brain that allows us to organize and manage the overload of stimuli.
What is a benefit of categorization?
It helps our brians make judgements more quickly and effeciently by relying on patterns that seem predictable.
What is a disadvantage of categorization
It can impede our efforts to embrace and understand people who are deemed not like us.
What is repetition suppresion?
A weakened response to repeated exposure to something.
A study was conducted where the student believed that human traits were fixed, then they looked at a racially ambiguous face. The student was told that the face was white or black and then asked to draw the face. What were the outcomes?
If they were told the face was black, they drew a face that looked more black. If they were told the person face was white, then they drew a face with more “white” traits.
A study was conducted where the student believed that human traits were malleable, then they looked at a racially ambiguous face. The student was told that the face was white or black and then asked to draw the face. What were the outcomes?
For people who believed humans were malleable, those who had been told the face was black drew a more white face. Those that were told the face was white drew a more black face.
Does the human mind use “categorization” only for races?
No. We use categorization for everything, from food to furniture to animals.
How did Walter Lippman define stereotypes in his 1922 book, Public Opinion?
“For the most part we do not first see, and then define, we define first then see.”
What is a mechanism that allows inaccurate beliefs to spread and persist?
Confirmation bias
How many times a day might an officer on patrol hear the words “black male”?
300 times a day, 1200 times a week, fifty thousand times a year.
Do parents share their bias with their kids?
Yes. IAT tests showed that more anti-black the parent is, the more anti-black the children are. But only for children who identified closely with their parents.
What percentage of Ferguson’s population is black?
67%
What percentage of Ferguson’s traffic stops were of black drivers?
85%
What percentage of Ferguson’s citations were to black drivers?
90%
How often were black Ferguson drivers likley to be searched than white drivers?
Twice as likely.
What percentage of criminal charges never go to trial?
94%
What percentage of criminal charges go to trial?
6%
What industrialized nation has the highest incarceration rate in the world?
United Stated
How many americans were behind bars in 2017?
2.1 million
What percentage of the worlds prisoners are from the U.S?
The U.S. accounts for 4.4% of the worlds population but 22% of the world’s prisoners.
White job seekers with criminal records were ________ percent less likely to be hired than whites with no criminal record? Compared to blacks with criminal records were _____ percent less likely to be hired than a black with no such record?
30% for whites with criminal records vs 60% for blacks with criminal records less likely to be hired than their counterparts without criminal records.
