Microbiology and Antimicrobials Flashcards
what is gram positive colour
purple
name a gram negative bacteria
prevotella intermedia
what is capnophilic
carbon dioxide
what is facultative
live with and without oxygen
when does antimicrobial resistance occur
when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change in ways that render the medications used to cure infections they cause ineffective
what are the 2 types of resistance genes
intrinsic (structural)
acquired (mutations)
what are the 3 types of mutation a microbe can go through
transformation/transduction/conjugation
what are the 3 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
altered target site
enzymatic inactivation
decreased uptake
name a microbe which has resistance by altered target site
streptococci
name 2 microbes which have resistance by enzymatic inactivation
prevotella and fusobacterium
how does altered target site work
bacteria change penicillin binding proteins
how does enzymatic inactivation work
bacteria produce enzyme (beta-lactamase) which destroys the antibiotic
how do you treat an extended spectrum beta-lactamase infection
carbapenems
what are the 2 main microbes associated with acute pyogenic dental infections
streptococcus anginosus
prevotella intermedia
what is the ideal specimen for dental infections
aspirated pus