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Religious Studies: Philosophy > 3B: Scholar Study > Flashcards

3B: Scholar Study Flashcards

1
Q

Who was William James?

A

American philosopher and psychologist

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2
Q

Name of James’ book

A

The Varieties of Relgious Experience

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3
Q

What did James recognise a RE could do to someone?

A

have a marked effect on their life

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4
Q

What did James say about RE?

A

it is at the heart of religion.

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5
Q

What are James’ 4 characteristics in mystical REs of God?

A
  • Passivity
  • Ineffability
  • Noetic
  • Transiency
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6
Q

Ineffable

A

direct experience of god that goes beyond human powers of description

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7
Q

Noetic

A

mystic receives knowledge of god that is otherwise unavailable. direct revelation from god

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8
Q

Transient

A

temporary and cannot be sustained, may have long lasting effects

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9
Q

Passive

A

not initiated by the mystic. feels like something is acting upon then

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10
Q

What does psychological phenomena mean?

A

happens in our mind, a part of a person’s psychological make up

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11
Q

What are James’ 3 key principles?

A
  1. Empiricism
  2. Pragmatism
  3. Pluralism
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12
Q

Empiricism

A

evidence based approach rooted in observations of the world

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13
Q

Pluralism

A

believing there is more than one path to religious truth
- James looked at experiences across religious traditions and saw them as equally valuable

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14
Q

Pragmatism

A

prioritising the practical application of theories in judging their value.

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15
Q

How did William James evaluate the value of REs?

A
  • their practical effects on the lives of the recipients. called them the fruits.
  • “judge by the fruits not the roots”.
  • experience is real if it produces real effects eg charity
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16
Q

What is James’ argument for god?

A

the phenomena of religious experiences point to a highest order of reality

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17
Q

What are FC Happold’s 3 characteristics of a mystic experience?

A
  1. consciousness of the oneness of everything
  2. a sense of timelessness
  3. there is something that lies between the usual experience of self
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18
Q

What are St Bonaventure’s 3 stages of a mystic experience?

A
  1. purgative stage - purified and prepared through meditation
  2. illuminative stage - mystic affected intellectually and emotionally
  3. unitive stage - mystic gains a continuing union with god
    (focuses on process)
19
Q

What is Rudolf Otto’s book called?

A

The Idea of the Holy

20
Q

Would James agree with this statement: it is impossible to understand a mystical experience unless you have had one yourself.

A

Yes

21
Q

Would James agree with this statement: when a mystical experience is over, it is quickly forgotten as the mystic resumes his/ her normal life

A

No

22
Q

Would James agree with this statement: mystics can control what happens to them during their experience

A

No

23
Q

Would James agree with this statement: Mystical experiences can be the means of revelation from
God

A

Yes

24
Q

Would James agree with this statement: Mystical experiences are intense, but of short duration

A

Yes

25
Q

Would James agree with this statement: A mystic often feels that he/she has been possessed by God during the experience

A

Yes

26
Q

Would James agree with this statement: After a mystical experience, a person has perfect recall of what happened and will be able to describe it in detail.

A

No

27
Q

Would James agree with this statement: Mystical experiences can give insight into religious truths that reason alone cannot find out.

A

Yes

28
Q

Would James agree with this statement: Mystical experiences are not really veridical

A

No

29
Q

What does numinous mean?

A

being in divine presence

30
Q

What aspect of REs does Otto focus on?

A

How they feel

31
Q

What is the four word Latin term that Otto uses to describe the feelings of a numinous experience?

A

Mysterium, tremendum et fascinans

32
Q

What does mysterium mean?

A

mystery, wholly different to everyday experience

33
Q

What does tremendum mean?

A

tremendous, awe inspiring

34
Q

What does fascinans mean?

A

fascinating, paradoxically dreadful and captivating

35
Q

What are two examples of a NE?

A

St Paul’s conversion and Isaiah’s vision

36
Q

How did Peter Donovan sum up NEs?

A

‘creature consciousness’ - we feel awe and dread in the face of something much greater than us

37
Q

What did Otto point out was a central element of a direct experience with god?

A

an apprehension of the wholly other

38
Q

What does wholly other mean?

A

totally outside normal experience

39
Q

When might people feel NEs?

A
  • emotional moments in life eg weddings, births, deaths
  • being in the presence of nature’s extreme beauty eg a sunrise, mountain, seascape
40
Q

Why does Moses hide his face from God in Exodus?

A

because he was afraid to look him due to his awe-some presence

41
Q

What 3 points suggest James’ account is adequate?

A
  • similar to FC Happolds characteristics
  • 4 qualities (PINT) can be applied to experiences such as ToA
  • did Otto add anything new? agreed with PINT
42
Q

What 3 points suggest James’ account is inadequate?

A
  • ineffability means no adequate account can be given since it’s beyond words
  • only looks at common features of mysticism, St Bonaventure focuses on the process
  • standard but not definite
43
Q

What 3 points suggest Otto’s account is adequate?

A
  • standard for many years when defining numerous experiences
  • describes what many REs feel like, eg Moses and bush & Isaiah’s vision
  • evidence based, rooted in many case studies from Christian tradition in particular
44
Q

What 3 points suggest Otto’s account is inadequate?

A
  • limited
  • says mysticism is a special type of experience but many scholars say it is different
  • has little to say about God’s nature

Religious Studies: Philosophy (25 decks)

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