Ch 1. History of Sport Management

Question 1

What country is considered the birthplace of sport management and why?

Answer 1

England because of how powerful the British were in the 18th and 19th century

Question 2

What are the three building blocks of sport management?

Answer 2

clubs, leagues, and pro tournaments

Question 3

Why did structure grow in sport management?

Answer 3

It was to respond and address broad social issues.

Question 4

What are the two main premises of sport management?

Answer 4

Honestly and Inclusion

Question 5

In historic settings, who controlled clubs?

Answer 5

the most powerful in society

Question 6

Why were clubs created?

Answer 6

born out of a need to control “honest play” and to collectively oversee a sport

Question 7

Why did thoroughbred racing exists?

Answer 7

for entertainment only; no financial gain. competitors competed for prestige

Question 8

What was the audience like for thoroughbred racing?

Answer 8

a broad and diverse audience due to no admission price

Question 9

Why did thoroughbred racing need a more complex club system?

Answer 9

the desire of owners to breed & train fast horses and the increasing complexity of gambling (lots of cheating)

Question 10

Who created thoroughbred racing?

Answer 10

British nobles

Question 11

How did thoroughbred racing become nationally popular?

Answer 11

when the national rail system began in the 1830s

Question 12

Why was thoroughbred racing gambling a good thing?

Answer 12

provided entertainment, tangible evidence of horses’ ability, and ensured honest competition

Question 13

What happens when people start betting on sports?

Answer 13

they start to watch sports more frequently because their enjoyment increases

Question 14

What are the downsides of sport betting?

Answer 14

loss of Fan Code of Conduct (arguments, fights, depression)

Question 15

What was the first club?

Answer 15

The Jockey Club which was established in 1750

Question 16

What were the responsibilities of the Jockey Club?

Answer 16

• make rules
• determine who is eligible to play
• designate officials
• regulate breeding
• punish rule breakers
• settle disputes

Question 17

What other clubs emerged to control other sports?

Answer 17

Marylebone Cricket Club and the Pugilist
Society (boxing)

Question 18

What was William Hulbert’s main contribution?

Answer 18

created the national league of baseball

Question 19

What was William Hulbert’s belief?

Answer 19

teams would enjoy stability and success if they run like businesses

Question 20

What does William Hulbert’s legacy include?

Answer 20

• strict rules for leagues (no illegal cooperation) and forced teams to assume risk (required to finish a season so owners aren’t money hungry)
• prohibited betting, selling beer, Sunday plays, and hooligans
• set higher ticket prices
• mandated league set game schedule
• required clean image for players; created “pennant race” (series of games)
• kept league small
• limited player transfers
• created revenue sharing among teams

Question 21

What of Hulbert’s principles do modern leagues till use?

Answer 21

• revenue sharing
• higher ticket prices
• weighted drafts (lottery)
• player contracts
• Player and Fan Codes of Conduct

Question 22

What is a “Fan Code of Conduct”?

Answer 22

respecting players on the field (no throwing objects), no intoxication at games, and respecting other fans

Question 23

What was the tipping point for modern major leagues to develop a Fan Code of Conduct?

Answer 23

the Malice in the Palace that occurred on the NBA court in 2004

Question 24

Who bears the responsibility of “managing” Fan Conduct?

Answer 24

fans but sport teams usually take the blame for it

Question 25

What are the main examples of Professional Tournament Sports?

Answer 25

golf and tennis

Question 26

Who was Fred Corcoran?

Answer 26

the architect of the golf tournament who created a financially “self-sufficient” golf event

Question 27

How did Fred Corcoran explain golf?

Answer 27

it operates “upside down” (creates facilities for an average person so anyone has the opportunity to play the game)

Question 28

How do golf and tennis tournaments make money?

Answer 28

from sponsorships (NOT TICKET SALES)

Question 29

Why did Fred Corcoran use athletes and golf tournaments?

Answer 29

he wanted to sell advertising space to the public so there is less of a dependence on ticket sales

Question 30

Who gained exposure to the golf tournaments?

Answer 30

EVERYONE! (celebrities, politicians, townspeople, charities, etc.)

Question 31

What did Bing Crosby and Bob hope do?

Answer 31

created charity golf tournaments in pro-am format for World War II fundraising

Question 32

Golf and tennis usually have strong ties who what business?

Answer 32

charities (tax deductions, volunteers, donations, community support)

Question 33

What was the tipping point for Professional Tournament Sports (golf and tennis)?

Answer 33

In the 1950s, tournaments were called by the name of their corporate sponsors

Question 34

Who else can create professional tournaments?

Answer 34

Marketing agencies. Have created the X-Games, Alli Drew Tour, Orlando Classic basketball tournament, etc.

Question 35

What are the tournaments created by marketing agencies usually called and what are their advantages?

Answer 35

“made-for TV” tournaments where you do not have to pay anything and gives more entertainment content