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Biol 215 > Cardio Vascular System: Blood Vessels Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Cardio Vascular System: Blood Vessels Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Vessel Functions

A
  1. Carry blood
  2. Exchange nutrients, waste products, and gases.
  3. Transport hormones, immune system components, molecules for coagulation, enzymes, nutrients, gases, and waste products
  4. Regulates blood pressure
  5. Directs blood flow
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2
Q

arteries carried blood (toward/away) the heart

A

away

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3
Q

3 types of arteries

A

elastic and muscular arteries and arterioles

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4
Q

Capillaries

A

sight of exchange between blood stream and tissue

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5
Q

What are the 4 sub layers?

A

Tunica Intima
Endothelium
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

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6
Q

Endothelium is ______ tissue that lines the ______ tube

A

epithelial, inner

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7
Q

Tunica intima is the internal _______ membrane, where the ________ propa is

A

elastic, lamina

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8
Q

The tunica media has ______ muscles where __________ and ________ happen

A

smooth, vasoconstriction, and vasodialation

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9
Q

The tunica external is _________ tissue that anchors and provides ________

A

connective, support

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10
Q

The order of arteries and veins from the heart

A

Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, back to the heart

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11
Q

Which blood vessels are large, the first vessel to leave the heart, are high in pressure but expanding and recoil?

A

Elastic arteries

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12
Q

Which blood vessels have smooth muscle, distribute blood flow, and have a thick tunica media?

A

Muscular arteriesWhich

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13
Q

which blood vessels have thin tunics and have smooth muscle to adjust in diameter?

A

arterioles

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14
Q

Which blood vessels are primary sight of exchange, have only one layer of endothelium, house pre capillary cells, thin for gas exchange, and substances move through them for diffusion?

A

Capillaries

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15
Q

What are precapillary cells?

A

fibroblasts, macrophages, etc.

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16
Q

What are fenestrae?

A

Large gas where water soluble molecules can pass through

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17
Q

________ capillaries are continuous with no gaps, large proteins and molecules can’t pass through these, only things like oxygen can.

A

Continuous

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18
Q

_________ capillaries are found in the intestines, eye, choroid plexus, kidneys, and CNS. The gaps are small and in the plasma membrane to let nutrients to pass through.

A

Fenestrated

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19
Q

____________ Capillaries are found in the endocrine system, liver, bone marrow, and the spleen. Their gaps are large fenestrae, they have the ability to allow molecules to pass into the blood stream

A

Sinusoidal

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20
Q

In the capillary network, ______ ________ regulate profusion of blood through metabolic activity

A

pre capillary sphincters

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21
Q

________ channel is like the capillary bypass

A

thoroughfare

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22
Q

________ are two overlapping flaps whose function is to prevent blood flow

A

valves

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23
Q

There are (more/less) valves in veins where blood pressure is lower

A

more

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24
Q

Where blood pressure is low, blood is Brough back to the heart through the ________ ______ squeezing force

A

skeletal muscle

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25
Q

______ _____ connects 2 capillary beds to bypass whole circulatory circuits.

ex. endocrine system, digestive, and urinary system

A

Portal vein

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26
Q

________ ________ delivers blood to the walls of larger blood vessels by penetrating the walls

A

vaso vasorum

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27
Q

___________ means plaque on the walls

A

atherosclerosis

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28
Q

________ means change in an artery that makes them less elastic

A

arteriosclerosis

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29
Q

______ means strong force

A

pressure

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30
Q

______ means the rate at which blood is moving through the blood vessels

A

flow

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31
Q

_________ means opposition to blood flow

A

resistance

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32
Q

________ flow is a streamlines, silent flow

A

laminar flow

33
Q

_______ flow is interrupted flow (indicative of pathology)

A

turbulent flow

34
Q

If there is a high beginning pressure, this indicates (quick/slow) blood flow

A

quick

35
Q

if the resistance is decreased, then the flow (increase/decrease)

A

increase

36
Q

If the resistance increases, then the blood flow (increases/decreases)

A

decreases

37
Q

If the pressure gradient increases, then the flow (increases/decreases)

A

increases

38
Q

If the pressure gradient decreases, then the flow (increases/decreases)

A

decreases

39
Q

What are the 3 influencing factors of resistance?

A
  1. Blood viscosity
  2. Vessel Length
  3. Vessel Diameter
40
Q

Artheroscelrosis plaque (increase/decrease) vessel diameter, causing blood flow to (increase/decrease)

A

decreases, increase

41
Q

If the viscosity is increased, then the resistance is (increase/decrease), causing blood flow to increase/decrease)

A

increased, decrease

42
Q

If the decrease in viscosity, then the resistance is increase/decrease), and the flow is increase/decrease)

A

decreased, increased

43
Q

Viscosity is thick and requires more _______ to get through

A

pressure

44
Q

Increase in vessel length causes increase/decrease) in resistance, causing (increase/decrease) blood flow

A

increase, decreased blood flow

45
Q

Decrease in vessel length causes increase/decrease) in resistance causing (increase/decrease) in blood flow

A

decrease, increase

46
Q

Increase in vessel diameter causes a (increase/decrease) in resistance causing a (increase/decrease) in blood flow

A

decrease, increase

47
Q

Decrease in vessel diameter causes (increase/decrease) in resistance causing (increase/decrease) in blood flow

A

increase, decrease

48
Q

exercising increases ____ ____ increasing ____ _____

A

pressure gradients, blood flow

49
Q

You receive ___ amount of blood from the aorta during exercise

A

5x

50
Q

Viscosity is influenced by _______

A

hematocrit

51
Q

Higher pressure means ______ blood flow

A

higher

52
Q

_______ means too many RBC and an increase in viscosity and an increase in pressure

A

polycythemia

53
Q

If the diameter increases so does _____

A

force

54
Q

_____ is a bulge from increasing diameter of blood vessel and can rupture from pressure increase

A

Aneurysm

55
Q

____ ______ is how easily a vessel will accommodate circumstances

A

Vascular Compliance

56
Q

(Veins/Arteries) are more compliant

A

veins

57
Q

______ _____ _____ of a vessel is multiplied by the number of vessels for that type

A

cross sectional area

58
Q

Vessel diameter (increase/decrease) total cross sectional area

A

increases

59
Q

Cross sectional area (increase/decrease) viscosity and so blood flow (increase/decrease)

A

increases, decreases

60
Q

Blood pressure decreases when resistance (increase/decrease)

A

Increases

61
Q

Closer to the heart the blood pressure (increase/decrease) and the further away you go, the blood pressure (increase/decrease)

A

increases, decreases

62
Q

Diffusion moves materials from ______ to ______

A

high to low

63
Q

When materials move through capillaries they exit through the _______ end and enter through the ________ end

A

arteriole, venule

64
Q

Whatever fluid leaves the capillaries and does not renter, landing on the tissues is vacuumed up by the ________ capillaries

A

lymphatic

65
Q

Osmosis moves materials from ________ to _______

A

low to high

66
Q

Hypostatic pressure

A

The physical pressure of fluid that pushes fluids out of a capillary

67
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

High on the arteriole side

68
Q

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

A

pushes against CHP getting net pressure

69
Q

Osmostic pressure pulls concentrations ____

A

in

70
Q

On the arteriole end the _____ pressure moves fluids out

A

CHP

71
Q

On the venous end the ______ pressure draws fluids in

A

BCOP

72
Q

When the fluid gets into the tissue but can’t get out, a _______ is formed

A

edema

73
Q

Increase in capillary permeability means ______ leak and BCOP can’t get fluid back in

A

proteins

74
Q

Decreased plasma protein concentration means there is __ ______ to begin with

A

no plasma

75
Q

Venous blockage fluid pushes out and _____ exceeds ____ which pulls fluid in, but it gets overrode

A

CHP, BCOP

76
Q

Blockage from lymphatic vessels means left over fluid stays in ______

A

tissues

77
Q

Precapillary sphincters open for _________

A

vasomotion

78
Q

products of ________ open pre capillary sphincters

A

metabolism

Biol 215 (3 decks)

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