Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psych 2023-2024 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the father of Psychology and what year was he named father of psych

A

Wilhelm Wundt 1879

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what did wilhelm wundt believe

A

the mind is made up of elements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is introspection (example from class)

A

Candy Demo; how did the thoughts and emotions play a role. We ate the candy then had to express what it made us think of/how it made us feel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What psychologist believed in functionalism?

A

William James

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Functionalism (give demo from class as well)

A

Uses darwins theory of evolution stating that people who have traits that keep them alive will pass them along. EX) was the cave-man demo where the cave man who was not afraid of heights died and the cave-man who was afraid of heights lived to pass on the trait.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Gestalt mean

A

Its a study that means “whole”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is your conscious mind?

A

It is the stuff you can easily recall, at the top of your mind (top of iceberg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the unconscious mind?

A

Stuff buried deep in an individual’s mind. Is very hard to recall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who believed in the unconscious mind and that childhood affected individuals.

A

Freud.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does behaviorism focus on

A

only focuses on observable behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the main idea of humanist ideas

A

The idea that everyone wins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an operational definition?

A

How you are going to measure the variable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which school of psychology attempted to identify the elements of the mind?

A

structuralism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The first psychological lab was established by:

A

Wilhelm Wundt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which research method lost its popularity because its results varied among different people?

A

introspection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which perspective is more directly concerned with how the physical properties of the brain influence behavior and mental states?

A

neuroscience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and define psychology as “the science of observable behavior”?

A

behaviorism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The study of inner thoughts and feelings is to the study of observable behavior as ____ is to ____.

A

Wundt; Watson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which perspective highlights the manner in which people think, encode, process and retrieve information?

A

cognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who wrote the first Psychology textbook and was considered a functionalist?

A

William James

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which perspective focuses on rewards and learned behavior?

A

behavioral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which seeks to solve the practical problems using science?

A

applied science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A negative correlation between people’s physical health and their happiness would indicate:

A

higher levels of happiness are associated with lower levels of physical health.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, alertness would be the:

A

dependent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mr. Brown has gathered evidence that weight of grade school students correlated positively with their reading skill. Before he uses this evidence to conclude the body weight enhances reading ability, he should first be reminded that;

A

correlation does not prove causation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Every twenty-fifth person who ordered a subscription to a magazine was contacted by market researchers to gather opinions on the magazine’s content. The researcher were using a technique known as:

A

random sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which type of research strategy would allow you to determine whether students’ college grades accurately predict later income?

A

correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In order to determine the effects of a new drug on memory, one group of people is given a pill that contains the drug. A second group is given a sugar pill that does not contain the drug. The second group constitutes the:

A

control group

29
Q

An illusory correlation refers to:

A

the perception of a correlation between two unrelated variables.

30
Q

Which research technique is most directly useful for avoiding bias and the false consensus effect?

A

double-blind procedure

31
Q

A positive correlation has a line going_________ on a scatterplot.

A

right

32
Q

Standard deviation is a measure of what

A

variation

33
Q

Ahmed has five sisters who are 3, 3, 5, 9, and 10 years of age. The number “5” represents the ____ of the sisters’ ages.

A

median

34
Q

Professor Woo noticed that the distribution of students’ scores on her last biology test had an extremely small standard deviation. This indicates that the

A

students’ scores tended to be very similar to one another.

35
Q

Two students in art class are at least 20 years older than the others. Which measure of variation of class members’ ages is most affected by ages of these two students?

A

range

36
Q

Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme scores?

A

mean

37
Q

Ethical principles developed by psychologists urge investigators to

A

treat information about research participants confidentially.

38
Q

Which of the following is a measure of degree of variation among a set of events?

A

standard deviation

39
Q

Which of the following is a measure of variation affected the most by extreme scores?

A

range

40
Q

A lopsided set of scores that includes a number of extreme or unusual values is said to be

A

skewed

41
Q

In generalizing from a sample to a population, it is important that

A

the sample be representative

42
Q

an explanation using a set of principles that organizes and precises outcomes

A

theory

43
Q

placing participants to experimental and control conditions by chance

A

random assignment

44
Q

a statement used to measure the research variables

A

operational definition

45
Q

a measure of how much scores vary around the average score

A

standard deviation

46
Q

what are the pros and cons of a case study

A

pros; in depth data,
cons; cannot be generalized

47
Q

what are the pros and cons of the survey method

A

pros; can collect data from lots of people quickly and efficiently

cons; wording may be misinterpreted or misleading.

48
Q

what are the pros and cons of naturalistic observation

A

pros → allows for a direct observation in a natural setting
Cons → bias can easily come into play.

49
Q

what is random sampling

A

randomly selecting participants. Everyone has an equal chance of being selected.

50
Q

is a smaller or larger sample better

A

a larger sample

51
Q

how can you tell the difference between a positive and negative correlation

A

in a positive correlation when the IV increases so does the DV
As the IV increases the DV decreases.

52
Q

What is the OTHER way to describe your data from a correlational study?

A

Correlation coefficient is the other way to describe the data in a correlational study.

53
Q

what is a illusory correlation

A

when it is thought that there is a correlation between two variables, but there is no logical correlation.

54
Q

what is operational definition

A

a specific statement that specifies what variables are in order for an experiment to be replicated properly.

55
Q

if the subjects are not aware of who is in the control vs experimental group this is called what

A

a single blind procedure

56
Q

if both the subjects and the researchers are not aware who is the control vs experimenal group (except for one person) this is called a what

A

double blind procedure.

57
Q

mean is what

A

average

58
Q

mode is what

A

most common number in the data set

59
Q

median is what

A

center number in a data set

60
Q

range is what

A

the max value in a data set minus the minimum value in a data set.

61
Q

what is the difference between a normal bell curve vs a skewed one

A

normal should look like a bell and be pretty symmetrical. A skewed curve leans more to the right or left of a graph.

62
Q

standard deviation is what

A

standard deviation is how far the values deviate from one another

63
Q

do you want a small or large standard deviation

A

a small standard deviation

64
Q

If a study is deemed statistically significant, what does that mean?

A

It is very unlikely that the study was done by chance.

65
Q

informed consent means what

A

legal permission from the participants to participate in a study.

66
Q

No psychological or physical harm means what

A

the participants should not undergo anything that could cause them physical or psychological harm. However, a certain amount of mental discomfort is required in some studies.

67
Q

debriefing means what

A

the participants are fully informed about the experiment’s nature and their questions are fully answered.

68
Q

animals in studies have what regulations

A

animals are allowed to be used in studies as long as its for scientific purposes and gain of knowledge. The number of animals involved should be minimized.

AP Psych 2023-2024 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions