Mitosis

Question 1

What are the two type of cells multicellular organisms have?

Answer 1

Sex cells (gametes) and somatic cells.

Question 2

What’s the difference between the two type of cells found in multicellular organisms?

Answer 2

Gametes unite to produce a zygote and they have a haploid number of chromosomes, and somatic cells are all other body cells except reproductive cells and they contain a diploid number of chromosomes.

Question 3

What’s the difference between haploid and diploid?

Answer 3

Haploid is a single set of chromosomes (23) and diploid is two sets of chromosomes (2 x 23/46)

Question 4

What are parent cells and what are daughter cells?

Answer 4

Parent cells are the cells that initiate cell division, and daughter cells are cells that are the products of cell division.

Question 5

What is the purpose of cell division?

Answer 5

Ensure tissue growth, replace dead or damaged cells, and maintains all life functions

Question 6

What are the two cell cycles all somatic cells have?

Answer 6

Interphase and cell division

Question 7

What are the 3 phases of interphase and their roles?

Answer 7

The G1 phase which is where the cell acquires ATP and grow.s
The S phase where the cell undergoes DNA synthesis and the DNA is replicated.
The G2 phase where the cell undergoes a second growth and energy acquisition stage.

Question 8

Define mitosis

Answer 8

The division of the nucleus into 2 genetically identical nuclei (separation of cells replicated DNA)

Question 9

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

Answer 9

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 10

What is mitosis followed by once mitosis is finished? Give a brief explanation

Answer 10

Cytokinesis which is the division of the cytoplasm and organelles into 2 new daughter cells

Question 11

Briefly define the phase: prophase

Answer 11

Chromatin condenses and turns into chromosomes
The nuclear membrane breaks down and the nucleus disappears
Centrosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell;spindle fibres form from them

Question 12

Briefly define the phase: metaphase

Answer 12

Nuclear membrane and nucleus disappeared
Centrosomes reach the opposite sides of the cell
Chromosomes move towards the equatorial plate(middle of cell) and line up along it
Spindle fibres stretch and attach to the centromeres on each chromosome, two on each centromere

Question 13

Briefly define the phase: anaphase

Answer 13

Spindle fibres shorten and pull the chromosomes apart and towards each end of the cell
Sister chromatids are now individual chromosomes

Question 14

Briefly define the phase: telophase

Answer 14

Chromosomes reach opposite sides of the cell
Spindle fibres begin to disappear
Nuclear membranes form around each of the two daughter nuclei
Within each nucleus, a nucleolus reappears
Single stranded chromosomes uncoil into thin strands of chromatin
The cell is now ready for cytokinesis

Question 15

Define how cytokinesis works in animal cells

Answer 15

A cleavage furrow appears and the cells contract until the cell membrane is pinched and divided into two daughter cells

Question 16

Define how cytokinesis works in plant cells

Answer 16

The golgi bodies produce vesicles to line up between the two nuclei
The wall grows outward and joins the old cell wall to divide the two new daughter cells