Lecture 3 - Arthrology

Question 1

What is Arthrology?

Answer 1

• study of joints (articulations)
• unions or junctions between 2 or more bones

Question 2

What 2 types of Arthrology is there?

Answer 2

• functional
• structural

Question 3

What are Ligaments ?

Answer 3

• made of fibrous connective tissue
• connect from bone to bone
• injury to ligaments = sprain

Question 4

What are the 2 types of Ligaments?

Answer 4

• capsular/intracapsular (stability from the inside)
• accessory/extracapsular (stability from the outside)

Question 5

What is the functional classification of joints?

Answer 5

• the amount of movement that occurs at the joint

Question 6

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 6

• synarthrosis
• amphiarthrosis
• diarthrosis

Question 7

What is a synarthrosis joint?

Answer 7

• an immovable fibrous joint
• larger bones come together but once sutured, they are immovable
• ex) sutures of the skull

Question 8

What is an amphiarthrosis joint?

Answer 8

• a slightly moveable cartilaginous joint
• larger bones are connected together to absorb some force
• ex) symphysis pubis & intervertebral discs

Question 9

What is a diarthrosis joint?

Answer 9

• a freely moveable synovial joint
• can be broken down into uniaxial, biaxial, & multi-axial
• ex) knee & elbow

Question 10

What does uniaxial mean?

Answer 10

• allows movement in one plane
• ex) elbow

Question 11

What does biaxial mean?

Answer 11

• allows movement in two planes
• ex) the metacarpal bone of the thumb

Question 12

What does multi-axial mean?

Answer 12

• allows movement in three planes
• ex) shoulder & hip

Question 13

What is the structural classification of joints?

Answer 13

• the structure of the joint or the type of material that unites the articulating structure

Question 14

What are the 3 types of structural joints?

Answer 14

• fibrous
• cartilaginous
• synovial

Question 15

What is a fibrous joint?

Answer 15

• bones held closely together with fibrous connective tissue
• they are strongly built & allow no movement
• part of the synarthrosis joint
• ex) bones of the skull

Question 16

What is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 16

• bones joined using hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
• squishy feeling & allow some movement
• part of the amphiarthrosis joint
• ex) symphysis pubis

Question 17

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 17

• the most common joint, found between bones that move against each other
• fluid between the bones
• movement can be uniaxial, biaxial, or multi-axial

Question 18

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 18

• plane joints, hinge joints, saddle joints, condyloid joints, ball & socket joints, pivot joints

Question 19

What is a plane joint?

Answer 19

• its a uniaxial joint that allows gliding/sliding
• allows little movement
• ex) acromioclavicular joint, tarsals & carpals

Question 20

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 20

• its a uniaxial joint that allows flexion/extension
• movement only occurs in the sagittal plane around the frontal axis
• has thin joint capsules & strong collateral ligaments
• ex) knee & elbow

Question 21

What is a saddle joint?

Answer 21

• its a biaxial joint that allows flexion/extension & adduction/ abduction
• has saddle shaped heads
• ex) shoulder, thumb, & ear

Question 22

What is a condyloid joint?

Answer 22

Its a biaxial joint that allows flexion/extension & adduction/abduction

• an egg shaped bone
• ex) elbow & wrist

Question 23

What is a ball & socket joint?

Answer 23

• its a multi-axial joint that allows all movement
• allows flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, & medial/lateral rotation
• one surface of the bone is a ball & the other is a socket
• ex) hip & shoulder

Question 24

What is a pivot joint?

Answer 24

• its a uniaxial joint that allows rotation movements around the longitudinal axis
• ex) atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2) of neck, & superior radio-ulnar joint