Vertebral Column

Question 1

Boney landmarks

Answer 1

A/O, C7, T1 spinous processes, T2-T7 scapula, T12 last rib, T9-T11 left spleen, T12-L1-L3 kidneys, L4 iliac crest

Question 2

Name some ligaments

Answer 2

Anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum

Question 3

Erector Spinae

Answer 3

Origin - common tendon that attaches to the posterior surface of the sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of the lumbar and the last 2 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion - various attachments at the posterior ribs, spinous processes, transverse processes, thoracic and cervical vertebrae and mastoid processes of temporal bone.
Action - lateral flexion of the vertebral column and extend the vertebral column

Question 4

QL

Answer 4

Origin - posterior iliac crest
Insertion - last rib and transverse process of L1-4
Action - laterally tilt the pelvis, laterally flex the vertebral column, fix last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation

Question 5

Multifidi

Answer 5

Origin - sacrum, and transverse processes of the lumbar through to the cervical vertebrae
Insertion - spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebrae
Action - rotation vertebrae column, extend vertebrae column

Question 6

Rotatories

Answer 6

Origin - transverse processes of lumbar through to cervical vertebrae
Insertion - spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebrae
Action - rotate and extend vertebrae column

Question 7

Trapezius

Answer 7

Origin - external occipital protuberance, medial portion of the superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligament nuchae and spinous processes of C7 though to T12
Insertion - lateral one-third of clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
Action - extend head and neck, laterally flex head and neck, rotate head and neck, elevate the scapula, upward rotate the scapula, adduct and stabilise the scapula, depress and upwardly rotate the scapula

Question 8

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 8

Origin - inferior angle of the scapula, spinous processes of last six ribs thoracic vertebrae, last three or four ribs, thoracolumbar fascia and posterior iliac
Insertion - intertubercular groove of the humerus
Action - extend, adduct and medically rotate the shoulder

Question 9

Splenius Capitis

Answer 9

Origin - inferior half of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes c7-t4
Insertion - mastoid processes and lateral portion of superior nuchial line
Action - rotate, laterally flex and extend head and neck