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BACTERIOLOGY P2 > ENTERICS: OPPORTUNISTIC HUMAN PATHOGENS > Flashcards

ENTERICS: OPPORTUNISTIC HUMAN PATHOGENS Flashcards

1
Q

Human microbiota of the mouth, nasopharynx & GIT

A

Klebsiella
spp.

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2
Q

Klebsiella spp. virulence

A

Heat-labile Cytotoxin

Capsules

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3
Q

Heat-labile Cytotoxin

A

K. oxytoca

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4
Q

Isolated from pxs with self-limiting antibiotic-associated haemorrhagic
colitis

A

Heat-labile Cytotoxin – K. oxytoca

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5
Q

K. oxytoca is Indole———-?

A

Positive (+)

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6
Q

isolated from pxs with
community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess which demonstrates hvKP (hypervirulent or hypermucoviscous phenotype)

A

K1 capsular clonal complex CC23
K. pneumoniae

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7
Q

associated with severe pneumonia & bloodstream
infections

A

K1 capsular clonal complex CC28

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8
Q

Both CC23 and CC28 can be spread in generally healthy pxs because of the

A

intrinsic resistance to complements and neutrophils

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9
Q

Associated Infection of Klebsiella spp.

A
  1. Liver abscess
  2. Lobar pneumonia
    3.UTI
  3. Wound and soft tissue infection
  4. Septicemia
  5. Chronic infections
  6. Rhinoscleroma
  7. Atrophic rhinitis (ozena)
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10
Q

Common cause of :

Chronic infections
Rhinoscleroma
Atrophic rhinitis (ozena)

A

K. rhinoscleromatis & K. ozaenae

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11
Q

All K.pneumoniae are ————- to Ampicillin

A

RESISTANT

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12
Q

Some ————- MDR due to plasmid-mediated synthesis of Carbapenemase & Cephalosporinases

A

K. pneumoniae

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13
Q

a granulomatous infection of the genitals and inguinal area caused by K. granulomatis. It is endemic in Papua New Guinea, the Caribbean, South America, India, Southern Africa, Vietnam and Australia. It is transmitted via sexual intercourse or non- sexual trauma to the genitalia. It resembles syphilis lesions.

A

Granuloma inguinale or Donovanosis

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14
Q

with necrosis of alveolar spaces, formation of cavities and blood-tinged sputum/ “currant jelly” sputum

A

Lobar pneumonia

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15
Q

Contaminated medical devices
(common in
respirators)

Contaminated
food and water

A

Enterobacter
spp.

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16
Q

Associated Infection of Enterobacter
spp.

A
  1. Bacteremia
  2. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
  3. UTI
  4. Surgical site infections
  5. Intravascular device-associated infections
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17
Q
  1. Person-to-person
  2. Contaminated
    medical devices (urinary catheters, respirators, IV fluids, etc.)
  3. Direct contact with patient’s
    wound and respiratory samples
A

Serratia spp.

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18
Q
  1. Sepsis
  2. Endocarditis
  3. Acute & Chronic lung infections
  4. Burn infections
A

Serratia spp.

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19
Q

Commonly isolated from pediatric pxs

A

Serratia spp.

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20
Q

Capable of survival in adverse environment

A

Serratia spp.

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21
Q

Resistant to many disinfectants

A

Serratia spp.

22
Q

Resistant to first-generation Cephalosporin because of the AmpC beta-lactamase.

A

Serratia spp.

23
Q
  1. Normal microbiota of GIT of humans & animals
  2. Water
  3. Soil
  4. Food
  5. Vertical
    transmission may occur (mother to baby)
A

Citrobacter
spp.

24
Q

Meningitis with necrotizing encephalitis and brain abscess in neonates (or even <2 mos. of age) caused by

A

C. korseri

25
Q
  1. Meningitis with necrotizing encephalitis and brain abscess in neonates (or even <2 mos. of age) caused by C. korseri
  2. UTI (most common manifestation)
  3. Gastroenteritis
  4. Pneumonia
  5. Wound
A

Citrobacter spp.

26
Q

Human microbiota of GIT

A

Proteus spp.

27
Q

Proteus spp. virulence

A
  1. Biofilm formation
  2. Adhesins
  3. Urease
  4. Siderophores
28
Q

Virulence: MR/P (Mannose-resistant Proteus-like fimbriae ) pili which leads to bladder colonization and biofilm formation .

A

Proteus spp. Adhesins

29
Q
  1. UTI
  2. Wound infections
  3. Ear infection
  4. Diarrhea
  5. Sepsis
A

Proteus spp.

30
Q

cystitis or bladder infection; kidney infection or pyelonephritis

A

UTI

31
Q

Urea——-CO2 + NH3

The ammonia formed precipitates Magnesium and Calcium in the from of? Forming kidney stones.

A

-struvite crystal (Magnesium ammonium phosphate crystal/Triple Phosphate Crystal)

-apatite crystal (Calcium phosphate or Carbonate apatite crystal)

32
Q

The——- also is toxic to the uroepithelium.

A

alkalinity

33
Q
  1. Water
  2. Soil
  3. Animal reservoir (isolated in 1904 by Rettger from CHICKENS with fowl cholera)
A

Providencia
spp.

34
Q

Providencia spp. virulence

A
  1. Urease
  2. Indoxyl sulphatase/Indoxyl phosphatase
35
Q
  1. UTI (Catheter-associated common among elderlies)
  2. Diarrhea
A

Providencia spp.

36
Q

Providencia spp. the infection is polymicrobial resistant due to

A

Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)

37
Q

Urine bag turns ————-for pxs with long-standing indwelling urinary catheter

A

purple (Purple Urine Bag Syndrome)

38
Q

Indoxyl sulfate turns urine to

A

Indigo or indirubin urine

39
Q
  1. Ubiquitous
  2. Normal microbiota of GIT
  3. Often isolated from stools
A

Morganella spp.

40
Q

Healthcare-associated infection (ex. Diarrhea)

A

Morganella spp.

41
Q

Morganella spp. virulence

A
  1. Urease
42
Q

Enterobacter spp.virulence

A

Adhesins pili
Endotoxin
Sidephore
B lactamase

43
Q

Serratia spp. virulence

A

Urease
Dnase
Lipase
Gelatinase

44
Q

Citrobacter spp. virulence

A

H2s
AmpC genes
Resistant to cephalosporin
Endotoxin

45
Q

Proteus spp. virulence

A

Mannose Resistant Proteus like pili

46
Q

Providencia spp. virulence

A

Indoxyl sulfate

47
Q

rarely encountered

A

Edwardsiella spp.
(Edwardsiella tarda)

48
Q

causes gastroenteritis, and occasional septicemia, meningitis and liver abscess

Systemic infection is common in pxs with liver disease & iron overload

A

Edwardsiella
spp.
(Edwardsiella tarda)

49
Q

are plant pathogens responsible for spoilage of vegetables post-harvest

A

Erwinia spp.

50
Q

forms soft rots caused by pectic enzymes that break down pectins, resulting in a characteristic mushy appearance which is sometimes accompanied by a bad odor and water-soaked appearance.

A

Erwinia (Pectobacterium) carotovora

51
Q

Infections in human are rare because it is a plant pathogen. However, it may cause skin infections (erysipelas & cell

A

Erwinia spp.

BACTERIOLOGY P2 (3 decks)

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