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animal nutrition exam 2 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamins are small _____ molecules

A

organic

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2
Q

Why are vitamins important?

A

they are important for production, health, and performance

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3
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

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4
Q

Fat soluble vitamins are stored for a ______ time in the body

A

long

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5
Q

Where are fat soluble vitamins stored?

A

the liver and adipose tissue

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6
Q

Is there a daily requirement for fat soluble vitamins?

A

no - they are stored long term in the body

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7
Q

What happens to excess water soluble vitamins after they are consumed?

A

they are excreted in urine

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8
Q

water soluble vitamins are _______ in biochemical reactions

A

cofactors (help enzymes work)

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9
Q

international units (IU) are a unit of measure that denotes…

A

a measure of activity - an amount of vitamin should be dosed per lb or per kg

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10
Q

what does ppm stand for?

A

parts per million

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11
Q

What are the three ways vitamins can be supplied to animals?

A

Mostly, vitamins are supplied in the diet
synthesized by commensal bacteria
synthesized from sunlight

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12
Q

Vitamin A functions (4)

A
  1. vision
  2. maintenance of epithelial cells
  3. bone growth
  4. reproduction
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13
Q

What is the biologically active form of vitamin A?

A

retinol

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14
Q

Symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency (3)

A
  1. night blindness
  2. decreased reproductive performance
  3. decreased bone growth
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15
Q

What is the major source of vitamin D?

A

sunlight

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16
Q

Which form of vitamin D has the most nutritional value

A

Vitamin D3

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17
Q

What are the functions of vitamin D (3)

A
  1. regulates calcium and phosphorous homeostasis
  2. regulates blood calcium concentration
  3. steroid hormone
18
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin D3 deficiency (1)

A

bone issues
- rickets in young animals and osteomalacia in older animals

19
Q

Vitamin E describes this group of compounds

A

tocopherols and tocotrienols

20
Q

What is the most active form of vitamin E?

A

a-tocopherol

21
Q

What are the functions of vitamin E (1)

A
  1. protects cells and tissues from oxidative damage
22
Q

What micromineral does vitamin E interact with?

A

Selenium
- vitamin E prevents free radical formation
- selenium destroys peroxides

23
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin E deficiency? (2)

A
  1. White muscle disease
  2. reproductive issues
24
Q

What does vitamin E do for carcass quality?

A

high levels of vitamin E in the diet increase lipid stability, causing a brighter red color in steaks

25
Q

What is the function of vitamin K (1)

A

blood clotting (needed for production of the hormone prothrombin)

26
Q

How do animals meet their vitamin K requirement (3)

A
  1. GI bacteria
  2. coprophagy
  3. green plants (Kale)
27
Q

Name 3 vitamin K antatgonists

A
  1. warfarin (rat poison)
  2. dicoumarol (found in molded hay/silage)
  3. coccidiostats (antiprotozoal drug)
28
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin K deficiency (4)

A
  1. SubQ hemmorhage
  2. reduction in carcass quality (due to hemmorhage)
  3. prolonged bleeding time
  4. death
29
Q

Deficiencies in water soluble vitamins often occur _____

A

acutely

30
Q

Name the water soluble vitamins (5)

A

B1 - thiamine
B2 - riboflavin
B3 - niacin
B5 - pantothenic acid
B12 - just B12

31
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

32
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

33
Q

B3

A

Niacin

34
Q

B5

A

pantothenic acid

35
Q

B12

A

B12

36
Q

Vitamin B12 requires this micromineral for synthesis via microbes

A

cobalt

37
Q

How do animals obtain B vitamins

A

ruminants get them from the microbes in their rumens
monogastrics usually get them from their diet (grains/meat/eggs/dairy)

38
Q

What is the role of B vitamins in the body

A

metabolic processes (carb/fat/protein metabolism) - acting as coenzymes or cofactors

39
Q

What are the functions of vitamin C (2)

A

energy metabolism
immune system

40
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency (1)

A
  1. scurvy
41
Q

What is a source of vitamin C

A

citrus

42
Q

What are some general sources of fat soluble vitamins

A
  1. vitamin premixes (A-D-E)
  2. inectables
  3. dietary ingredients

animal nutrition exam 2 (6 decks)

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