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MEDSURG > HEMATOLOGIC, IMMUNE SYSTEMS AND CANCER > Flashcards

HEMATOLOGIC, IMMUNE SYSTEMS AND CANCER Flashcards

1
Q

Clients with type O, Rh negative blood group

A

are universal donors

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2
Q

Client with AB blood group

A

universal recipient

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3
Q

The most common transfusion reaction is

A

febrile

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4
Q

The only solution that can safely be given during a blood transfusion

A

normal saline solution

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5
Q

If hives is the only allergic reaction during a blood transfusion, proceed at a

A

slower rate (check institution guidelines)

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6
Q

The American Association of Blood Banks recommends that blood or blood components should be

A

transfused within 4 hours

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7
Q

HIV is commonly easily transmitted in

A

blood, semen, and vaginal secretions

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8
Q

HIV can also be found in

A

urine, feces, saliva, tears and breast milk

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9
Q

HIV positive women should not

A

breast feed

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10
Q

Essential Hypertension

A

has no known etiology

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11
Q

Essential Hypertension

A

accounts for 85-90 percent

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12
Q

Thromboangitis Obliterans

A

Buerger’s Disease

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13
Q

Thromboangitis Obliterans

A

is a chronic inflammation of arteries and veins

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14
Q

Only blood, semen, vaginal secretions and human milk have been implicated in the transmission of

A

AIDS

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15
Q

Thromboangitis Obliterans

A

secondary inflammation of nerves

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16
Q

Beurger-Allen exercises

A

improve peripheral arterial circulation and are used in the treatment

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17
Q

Beurger-Allen exercises

A

treat Buerger’s disease

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18
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

vasospastic condition of digital arteries that occurs with exposure to cold or to strong emotions

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19
Q

Do not administer live vaccines

A

immune suppressed person

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20
Q

Do not take blood pressure on the arm with a

A

arteriovenous shunt or fistula

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21
Q

Hemophilia

A

an X-linked recessive bleeding disorder passed from the female to her male offspring

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22
Q

To prevent bleeding episodes

A

a client with Hemophilia should be instructed to avoid contact sports

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23
Q

X-linked recessive bleeding disorder

A

Hemophilia

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24
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

caused by a lack of intrinsic factors needed to absorb B12

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25
Q

enhances absorption of iron

A

take with orange juice or ascorbic acid

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26
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

a decreased number of platelets

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27
Q

Platelets

A

necessary for clot formation

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28
Q

Petechiae and bruising

A

signs of decreased number of platelets

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29
Q

Heparin

A

prolongs the time needed for blood to clot but does not thin the blood

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30
Q

CD4+ cell count

A

measure of the damage to the immune system caused by HIV and the body’s ability to fight it

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31
Q

somewhat unpredictable disease characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. There is no cure but symptoms can be managed at times

A

rheumathoid arthritis

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32
Q

avoid contact sports

A

patient with Hemophilia

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33
Q

Cancerous mass

A

unilateral, nontender with a single focus in one area

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34
Q

solid, hard, dense, and fixed to underlying tissues or skin as cancer becomes invasive

A

Cancerous mass

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35
Q

Breast cancer

A

most common in upper outer quadrant, often painless, although person may have pain

36
Q

As cancer advances signs include

A

firm or hard irregular axillary nodes; skin dimpling, nipple retraction, elevation and discharge

37
Q

Breast self-exam

A

done monthly for the early detection of breast cancer

38
Q

Breast cancer

A

usually found in women 30 to 80 years of age

39
Q

increased risk of breast cancer

A

ages 40 to 44 and in women older than 50 years

40
Q

Mammography

A

done from age 35 years to detect breast cancer

41
Q

The location of cancer with the highest mortality rate

A

lung

42
Q

Pap smear

A

screening tool for cervical cancer

43
Q

Done yearly from age 18 or when sexually active

A

Pap smear

44
Q

two locations with the highest incidence rate of cancer in males

A

lung and the prostate

45
Q

Three general signs and symptoms of cancer

A

anemia, weakness, and weight loss

46
Q

two locations with the highest incidence of cancer in women are the

A

breast and the colon/rectum

47
Q

Three host factors that increase the risk for developing cancer that cannot be controlled

A

age over 40, being male, and race

48
Q

When tumor spreads from its primary site

A

metastasis

49
Q

The most common sites of tumor migration

A

lymph system, lungs, bone, liver and brain

50
Q

Normal testis

A

feels like a small hard-boiled egg

51
Q

No hard and firm nodules should be palpated on the surface of the

A

testis

52
Q

Chemotherapeutic drugs

A

produce bone marrow depression, resulting in reduced red blood cell counts (anemia), white blood cell counts (leucopenia), and platelet count (thrombocytopenia)

53
Q

Never touch with bare hands, forceps and containers should be placed in patient’s room

A

Radium Implants

54
Q

The client who has an A-V fistula should not

A

have blood pressure, venipuncture’s, or IM injections on the arm with the fistula

55
Q

Clients with pernicious anemia are

A

susceptible to gastric carcinomas

56
Q

Liquid iron

A

preparations should be diluted

57
Q

Clients with pernicious anemia

A

should be monitored closely for symptoms

58
Q

Give IM iron preparation by

A

Z-track method

59
Q

Liquid iron

A

Should be given through a straw to prevent staining of teeth

60
Q

IM iron preparation

A

use separate needles to withdraw medication and to inject

61
Q

Buerger’s disease and Raynaud’s disease

A

smoking cessation should be a therapeutic goal

62
Q

Symptoms of anemia

A

pallor, tachypnea, irritability and lethargy and generalized weakness

63
Q

HIV infection can occur vertically during

A

pregnancy or a vaginal birth and through breast-feeding

64
Q

Clients with anemia

A

fatigue easily and need period of rest between activities to conserve energy

65
Q

When a nurse is accidentally stuck with a needle

A

the employer will want to test the nurse immediately to determine whether a preexisting infection is present and again in 3 months to detect seroconversion

66
Q

The assessment findings encountered in clients with multiple myeloma are

A

pathological fractures

67
Q

the patient begins to hemorrhage after the initial hypercoagulability uses up the clotting factors in the blood

A

DIC patient

68
Q

Administering heparin

A

a critical nursing intervention in DIC pt

69
Q

Testicular cancers occur between the ages

A

18 and 35 years

70
Q

Women who are at risk for cervical cancer are

A

women who were involved in sexual relations at an earlier age, women with multiple sex partners, women infected with the human papilloma virus (HPV), women who smoke, women who use oral contraceptives and women who have multiple pregnancy and birth

71
Q

Testicular cancers occur between the ages

A

18 and 35 years

72
Q

occur in whites relatively rare in blacks and other races

A

Testicular cancers

73
Q

Testicular cancers

A

Most important risk factor is undescended testis, even those surgically corrected

74
Q

When a client has radium implant

A

organize nursing care to decrease time at bedside and thus keep radiation exposure to a minimum

75
Q

The incidence rates of prostate cancer are

A

50% higher in black men than other racial groups

76
Q

prostate cancer

A

The mortality rate is 2 times higher for black men than whites

77
Q

Dietary fat has been considered a factor in the increase rate of incidence in prostate cancer

A

prostate cancer

78
Q

Nursing intervention for client with iron deficiency anemia should include

A

helping patient arrange periods of rest

79
Q

The Nursing Diagnosis category for a patient with Leukemia is

A

“Risk for injury from infection or bleeding related to pancytopenia”

80
Q

He must be HIV positive, have a CD4 positive cell count below 200 cells/ul and the presence of one or more specific conditions that include acute infection

A

Three criteria must be met for a client to be diagnosed with AIDS

81
Q

Client teaching for patient with sickle cell anemia to prevent acute episodes is to

A

avoid tight clothing, strenuous exercise, cold temperature, avoid smoking, do not fly in unpressurized planes

82
Q

the nurse should instruct the client to sit in an upright position, leaning slightly forward which would avoid vascular pressure to the nose and avoids the client from aspirating blood.

A

When a patient develops epistaxis

83
Q

If the nurse suspects a hemolytic or febrile reaction during a blood transfusion

A

the transfusion should be stopped immediately

84
Q

Keep IV access. Replace transfusion with normal saline

A

If the nurse suspects a hemolytic or febrile reaction during a blood transfusion

85
Q

Assess a male client who is non-compliant with anti-hypertensive drugs for effects of drugs

A

on sexual

MEDSURG (5 decks)

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