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Nurs 243 > TEST 2 > Flashcards

TEST 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Suicide:

A

Suicide: voluntary act of killing oneself, a fatal, self-inflicted destructive act with explicit or inferred intent to die, sometimes called suicide completion

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2
Q

Suicidal ideation:

A

Suicidal ideation: thinking about and planning one’s own death​

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3
Q

Suicide attempt:

A

Suicide attempt: nonfatal, self-inflicted destructive act with explicit or implicit intent to die​

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4
Q

Parasuicide:

A

Parasuicide: voluntary, apparent attempt at suicide, commonly called a suicidal gesture, in which the aim is not death​

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5
Q

Lethality:

A

Lethality: the probability that a person will successfully complete suicide

*often applied to the method a person uses. ex. Guns, hanging = high lethality. Cutting wrists, pills = low lethality

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6
Q

Suicidality:

A

Suicidality: all suicide-related behaviors and thoughts of completing or attempting suicide and suicidal ideation

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7
Q

What are the Biologic theories of suicide?

A

Depression-loss

Severe childhood trauma​

Genetic factors

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8
Q

Psychological theories​for suicide

A

Cognitive theories: cognitive triad; hopelessness, and other cognitive symptoms​

Emotional factors, personality traits​

Interpersonal–psychological theory of suicidal behavior

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9
Q

Social theories​ for suicide

A

Social distress​

Suicide contagion - a person close to them or a celebrity completed suicide

Economic disadvantage - hopelessness

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10
Q

What are some nursing diagnosis for SUicide

(11)

A

Impaired social interaction​
Ineffective coping​
Chronic low self-esteem​
Insomnia ​
Social isolation​
Spiritual distress
Risk for suicide​
Interrupted family processes​
Anxiety​
Ineffective health maintenance​
Risk for self-directed violence

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11
Q

What are nursing intervetions for suicide
Biological domain

A

Physical care of self-inflicted injury - care for a wound if they hurt themselves

Medication management​

Electroconvulsive therapy - if meds dont work

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12
Q

What are the nursing interventions for suicide

Psychological domain

A

Challenging the suicidal mindset - distract self when thinking of suicide, watch movie, write, anxiety mgmt strategies

Developing new coping strategies - offer ideas, stress relief/ create a written plan

Committing to treatment - staying in touch with psychiatrist, counselor, church etc

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13
Q

What are nursing intervetions for suicide?
Social domain

A

Social skills training- support networks, recovery groups

Development of support networks - 800# for suicide prevention, support groups

Stigma reduction - encourage them to speak up

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14
Q

What is important for a nurse to document on a sucidal patient?

A

-History, assessment, and interventions ​
-Presence or absence of suicidal thoughts, intent, plan, and available means​
-Use of drugs, alcohol, or prescription medications ​
-Level of the patient’s judgment ​
-Prescribed medications, dosage, and number of pills dispensed​
-Plan for ongoing treatment

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15
Q

What are interventions for those at imminent risk for suicide?

A

Reconnecting patient to other people/instilling hope
Restoring emotional stability
reducing suicde behavior and ensureing safety

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16
Q

What is the only FDA approved med for suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia

A

Clozapine

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17
Q

Addiction: ​
Use:
Abuse:

A

Addiction: continued use of substances (or reward-seeking behaviors) despite adverse consequences​

Use: ingestion, smoking, sniffing, or injection of mind-altering substance​

Abuse: use for purposes of intoxication or beyond intended use​

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18
Q

Withdrawal:

Detoxification:

Relapse:

A

Withdrawal: symptoms occurring when substance no longer used​

Detoxification: process for safe withdrawal​

Relapse: recurrence

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19
Q

In DSM-5 what are the types of substances they would be addicted to

A

Alcohol, caffeine, cannabis (marijuana), hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedative–hypnotics, stimulants, tobacco, Gambling

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20
Q

According to statistics in 2019 how many high schoolers got drunk in past month? and what % reported binge drinking?

How many use marijuana daily?

8th grade (13yr old), 10th graders (15/16yr old), 12th graders

A

7.9% of 8th graders
18.4% of 10th graders
29.3% of 12th graders reported getting drunk in the past month and less than 20% of high school seniors reported binge drinking​

1.3% of 8th graders
4.8% of 10th graders
6.4% of 12th graders used marijuana daily.

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21
Q

What are the Psychosocial components for addiction?

A

Temperament; stress​
Feelings about self; age​
Motivation for change​
Social consequences for problematic behavior​
Parental and family relationships​
Peer pressure

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22
Q

What is one of the leading causes of irreversible mental retardation

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome
(FAS)

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23
Q

Alcohol
-How it affects body?
-Side effects?
-2 screening tools - 4 letters? What score is considers clinically significant?

A

Central nervous system (CNS) depressant: mild sedation  coma, respiratory failure, and death.

Mood swings, Reduced concentration or attention span to impaired judgment and memory​

Mild sedation and relaxation to confusion and serious impairment of motor functions and speech ​

Screened not only for alcohol use disorders but also for drinking patterns or behaviors ​
- CAGE Questionnaire​ - 4 questions Cut down? Annoyed? Guilty? Eyeopener? 2 or higher = clinically significant
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)

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24
Q

BAL and Behavior

0.05
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50

A

0.05 - 1-2 drinks - Impaired judgement, giddiness, mood changes
0.10 - 5-6 drinks - Diff driving and coordinating movements
0.20 - 10-12 drinks - Motor functions severly impaired, ataxia, emotional lability
0.30 - 15-20 drinks - stupor, disorientation and confusion
0.40 - 20-24 drinks - Coma
0.50 - 25 drinks - Respiratory failure & death

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25
Q

What is the legal limit for BAL in Nv?

A

0.08

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26
Q

What are some long term effects of alcohol abuse on the brain?

Alcohol-induced amnestic disorders (permanent brain disorder)​

A

Alcohol-induced amnestic disorders (permanent brain disorder)​

Wernicke encephalopathy​

Korsakoff’s amnestic syndrome​

Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome​

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27
Q

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome​
Occurs when?
Symptoms of DT’s
Psychosocial interventions
Med

A

Usually within 12 hours after abrupt discontinuation​

Delirium tremens - Diaphoresis, shaky, hallucination

Psychosocial interventions - residential treatment, AA

Medication​- Naltrexone

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28
Q

Countertransference

A

when the nurse misperceives patient.
reminds them of someone they know and sees them that way

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29
Q

What are Evidence-Based Nursing Care for Persons With Substance-Related Disorders? (12)

A

Group therapy and early recovery​
Individual therapy​
Family therapy​
Harm-reduction strategies (see Box 31.15)​
Peer Support Self-Help Group​
12-step program (see Box 31.13 and Research Update Box 31.14)
Therapeutic interactions​
Brief intervention​
Cognitive interventions​
Cognitive behavioral interventions (see Box 31.11)​
Psychoeducation​
Coping skills enhancement (see Box 31.12)

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30
Q

Substance induced disorders

A

occur when medications used for other health problems cause intoxication, withdrawl or other health problems

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31
Q

Substance use disorder

A

occurs when an individual continues using substances despite cognitive, behavioral and physiologic symptoms

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32
Q

Complications of Alcohol abuse

A

Cardiovascular- CHF, HTN, cardiomyopathy
Respiratory - ^ pneumoina & infections
Hematologic - Anemias, leukemia, hematomia
Nervous system - irritatbility, depression, anxiety, visual and gait disturbance
Digestive - liver disease, pancreatitis, ulcers,
Endocrine - DM. hyperlipidemia, gout, hyperuricemia
Immune - infectious disease, TB
Integumentary - lesions, burns,
Musculoskeletal - myopathy
Genitourinary - hypogonadism, ED, electrolytle imbalances

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33
Q

Intoxication of alcohol is determined by?

A

BAL

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34
Q

The body can metabolize how much
Liquor
Wine
beer
in 1 hour w/o intoxication?

A

1oz liquor
5oz wine
12oz beer

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35
Q

What is instrumental in development of alcohol tolerance>?

A

Locus coeruleus

Inhibits action of ethanol

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36
Q

What does the CIWA ask?
Clinical institute withdrawl assessment of alcohol scale

A

Nausea/vomitting
Tactile disturbances
Tremor
Auditory disturbances
Paroxysmal sweats
Visual disturbances
Anxiety
Headache
Agitation
Orientation

Max score 67. Less than 10 score do not need medication for withdrawl

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37
Q

What drugs are used for alcohol withdrawl? (5)

What 2 have longer 1/2 life and easier taper?
What drug is for older adults and liver impairment?

A

Antianxiety/sedating - benzos - titrated over several days
Antidepressants - mood states
**Sleep med **- promote reg sleep patterns
Anticonvulsive - if needed
Antipsychotics - if needed

Chlordiazepoxide (librium) and diazepam have longer 1/2 lifes and smoother tapers
Lorazepam (ativan) is better for older adults and ppl with liver impairment

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38
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy

A

degenerative brain disorder cause by thiamine deficiency

Vision impairment, ataxia, hypotension, confusion & coma

Actue phase of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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39
Q

Korsakoff amnestic syndrome

A

Involves heart, vascular, nervous systems, but primary problem is aquiring new info and retreiving memories

Amnesia, confabulation (telling plausible but imagined scenario to compensate for memory loss), attention deficit, disorientation, vision impairment

Chronic phase of Wernike-korsakoff syndrome

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40
Q

What are meds used in prevention of alcohol relapse?

A

Disulfiram (Antabuse) - w/ sm amounts of alcohol = severe nausea & vomiting.
*Respiratory depression, cardio collapse, arrhythmias, MI, CHF, unconsciousness, convulsions and death.
**Informed consent is required

Acamprosate calcium - delayed release tab. Effective only if pt is abstinent from alcohol prior to admin. 333-666mg PO taken with meals 3x daily

Naltrexone - 1 daily pill or 1mo inj (VIVITROL), Blocks mu receptors in brain. Reduce craving, maintain abstinence, interfere with tendency to want to drink more.

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41
Q
A
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42
Q

What is free base cocaine and how do you make it?

A

Smokable cocaine
mixing ctystalline cocain wiht ether or sodium hydroxide

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43
Q

How do you make crack?

A

form of free based cocaine made by mixing crystal with water and baking soda or sodium bicarbonate

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44
Q

What happens when cocaine and alcohol are taken together?

A

the body converts into cocaethylene, which has a longer duration of action in the brain and is more toxic than either drug individually. Could be fatal

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45
Q

What are the amphetamines?

A

Biphetamine
Delcobese
dextroamphetamine
phenmetrazine (Ritalin)
methlyphenidate (Focalin)

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46
Q

Amphetamines act on what system?
used to treat?

A

CNS and Peripheral nervous system
ADHD, narcolepsy, depression, obesity

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47
Q

What are 2 drugs used in smoking cessation?

A

Zyban (bupropion) -
Chantix (varenicline tartrate - reduces craving - prevents nicotine from accessing one of the acetylcholine receptor sites assoc with nicotine dependance. *can cause depression and related psychiatric symptoms in some people

48
Q

What are other therapie for smoking cessation that are not medications?

A

Auricular therapy -
Acupressure -

49
Q

What are the 2 FDA approved drugs that contain THC?

A

dronabinol (marinol)
Nabilone (cesamet)

Used to treat nausea related to chemotherapy

50
Q

What are primary interventions for hallucinogens in acute state?

A

Reduce stimuli, maintain safe environment, manage behavior, observe patient for medical and psychiatric complications

51
Q

What are the most commonly abused prescription drugs that are CNS depressants?

what DSM5 would be given?

A

benzos

The DSM5 diagnosis sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use disorder would be given when these drugs are abused.

52
Q

What are the most commonly abused prescription drugs that are stimulants?

A

Amphetamines - adderall, dexedrine
methylphenidate - Concerta, Ritalin

53
Q

Define the term “opioid”

A

any substance that binds to an opioid receptor in the brain to produce an agonist action

*Opium, heroin, fentanyl, morphine, codeine

54
Q

What is given as emergency treatment of opioid intoxication?

A

Naloxone, opioid antagonist

Given as a rescue drug when extreme drowiness, slowed breathing, or loss of consciousness occurs.
*reverses respiratory depression, sedation, hypotension

Given IV, IM, intranasally. When given IV = effect in 2 mins
Active for 30-81 mins

55
Q

What symptoms appear when a pt stops opioids abruptly

A

bdoy aches, fever, tachycardia, runny nose, sneezing, sweating, yawning, diarrhea, nausea, vomit, nerviousness, restlessness, irritability, shivering, ab cramps, weakness, elevated bp, severe distress.

56
Q

Volatile solvents

A

Liquids that vaporize at room temp

Paint thinners, degreasers, dry cleaning fluids, gasoline, lighter fluid, felt tip marker, glue

57
Q

Aerosols

A

Sprays that contain propellant and solvents

Spray paint, hair spray, fabric protector spray, computer cleaning products, vegetable oil spray, analgesics, asthma sprays, deodorants, air freshenrs

58
Q

Gases

A

Butane lighters, propane tanks, whipped cream aerosols, refrigerant gases, ether chloroform, halothane, nitrous oxide

59
Q

Nitrates

A

Cyclohexyl, butyl, amyl nitrates

When marked for illict uses they are stored in small brown bottles and labled: video head cleaner, room odorizer, leather cleaner, room deodorizer.

60
Q

How do nitrates work?

A

Enhance sexual pleasure by dilating and relaxing blood vessels

Antagonisitic at NMDA receptor and may cause neuronal damage in mesolimbic system

61
Q

anabolic steroid

A

synthetic substances related to male sex hormones (androgens)

62
Q

What is the criteria for gambling disorder
(9)

A

exhibits 4 or more over a 12 month period
-need to use increasing amount of money to get excitment
-restless when attempting to not gamble
-repeated unsuccessful attempts to stop gambling
-Regularly preoccupied with gambling
-Gambles to cope with feelings
-Attempts to get even by returning to gamble after huge loss
-Erratic behavior, lying to coneal gambling
-Impairments at work, personal relationships, performance in school
-Reliant on others finanically due to gambling

63
Q

What does the acronym FRAMES stand for in motivational interviewing

A

F-feedback - *personal feedback & info/facts
R-responsibility - *its their choice
A-advice - *clear recommendation
M-menu of strategies - *treatment options
E-empathy - *Show support, respect
S-self efficacy - *ensure optimismis that they can change

64
Q

Brief intervention

A

negotiated conversation between the professional and patient designed to reduce or eliminate alcohol and drug abuse

-given clear concise info

65
Q

Cognitive approaches to addiciton hypothesize…

A

if a pt can change the way they think about a situation both the emotional reaction and behavior will change

66
Q

Chemical dependance treatment approaches

PSYCHIATRIC
Etiology
Conception of pt
Treatment outcome
Process
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

–Underlying emotional problem
-Emotionally disturbed
-Emotional conflicts resolved = emotional health improves
-Psychotherapy;medications
-not punitive, treats comorbidity
-Focus only on treatment of mental disorder

67
Q

Chemical dependance treatment approaches

SOCIAL
Etiology
Conception of pt
Treatment outcome
Process
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

-Society and environment cause dependence
-Victim of circumstance
-Improved social/improved environment = better
-Remove environmental influences and increase coping
-Social supports and coping skills
-Blames “Society”/person not responsible

68
Q

Chemical dependance treatment approaches

MORAL
Etiology
Conception of pt
Treatment outcome
Process
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

-Person is morally weak
-“hustler”, “Addict”
-Moral recovery = increased will power, self control
-Street addict and manipulation behavior confronted
-Holds person responsible for decisions/actions
-Punitive, increases low self esteem and sense of failure. No longer an accepted medical approach

69
Q

Chemical dependance treatment approaches

LEARNING
Etiology
Conception of pt
Treatment outcome
Process
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

-Abuse is learned
-Has distorted thinking, poor coping skills
-Pt learns new ways of thinking and coping skills
-Cognitive therapy and coping skills
-Not punitive, teaches new coping
-Places emphasis on control of use

70
Q

Chemical dependance treatment approaches

DISEASE
Etiology
Conception of pt
Treatment outcome
Process
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

-Caused by genetic or biologic factors
-Has a chronically progressive disease
-abstinence, recovery process
-Treated like a disease, patient is sick
-Not punitive, support and education
-Minimizes mental health disorders, discounts return to social use

71
Q

Chemical dependance treatment approaches

12-STEP
Etiology
Conception of pt
Treatment outcome
Process
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

Combination of disease and spiritual bankruptcy
-Has an addiction and is powerless
-Abstinence, ongoing spiritual recovery
-Uses 12 steps, seeking spiritual support, making amends, serving others
-Widespread success, emphasis on quality of life and spiritual growth
-Self-help group and not a treatment program

72
Q

Chemical dependance treatment approaches

DUAL DIAGNOSIS
Etiology
Conception of pt
Treatment outcome
Process
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

-Both a primary substance dependency and mental health disorder
-“”
-Improvement in both mental and substance disorders
-Concurrent treatment
-Treats both mental and dependency
-Not inclusive enough, does not include social or other issues

73
Q

Chemical dependance treatment approaches

BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL
Etiology
Conception of pt
Treatment outcome
Process
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

-Biologic basis with social & psychological influences
-Has deficiencies in all 3 interacting areas
-Improvement in mental health, physical health and utilization of social supports
-Concurrent treatment of all issues
-Uses different modalities; more inclusive
-Does not match patient and specific interventions

74
Q

Chemical dependance treatment approaches

MULITVARIANT
Etiology
Conception of pt
Treatment outcome
Process
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

-Many difference causes; different for each person
-Has multiple issues to be addresses
-Particular issues addresses = improvement
-Treatment strategies matched with individual person
-Logistical problems can occure during implementation

75
Q

Chemical dependance treatment approaches

NEUROBIOLOGICAL MAT
Etiology
Conception of pt
Treatment outcome
Process
Advantages
Disadvantages

Medication Assisted Treatment

A

-Addiction is brain based disorder
-Modification of behaviors related to substance
-Use of medications to re-establish brain function & support pt thourgh detox adn recovery
-MAT improves quality of life, person resumes functioning
-Controversial& access issues for many & cost

76
Q

Anxiety

Normal Vs Abnormal?

A

Uncomfortable feeling of apprehension or dread in response to internal or external stimuli

Normal - realistic intensity/duration for situation followed by relief behaviors
Abnormal -

77
Q

Phobia

A

An irrational fear of an object, person, or situation that leads to a compelling avoidance

78
Q

Panic disorder

A

Extreme, overwhelming form of anxiety often experienced when an individual is placed in a real or perceived life-threatening situation

79
Q

Panic attacks

A

sudden, discrete periods of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by significant physical and cognitive symptoms

80
Q

Epidemiology and Risk for panic disorder?

A

Associated with being female; middle aged; of low socioeconomic status; and widowed, separated, or divorced

81
Q

Comorbidity for panic disorder

A

Other anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorder, substance use disorder, or schizophrenia ​

Medical conditions, including vertigo, cardiac disease, gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, and those related to cigarette smoking

82
Q

Biologic theories​ for panic disorder

Serotonin and Norepinephrine​

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid​

Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis

A

Serotonin and Norepinephrine - NE - affects respiratory, cardiac, S - central = anxiety related responses

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - inhibits activity/slow down, when there is too much it increases seizure threshold

Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis - stress hormones are activated, cortisol = panic attacks

83
Q

Psychological and social theories​

Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theories​

Cognitive–behavioral theories

A

**Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theories **- feel panic due to separation or loss

Cognitive–behavioral theories - traumic event that changes thinking in individual

84
Q

What are 5 recovery oriented care for people with panic disorder?

A

Panic Control Treatment - breathing techniques

Systematic Desensitization​- relaxation, pt teaching, focus on tight muscles/relax

Implosive Therapy​

**Exposure Therapy​
**
Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy

85
Q

What kind of therapeutic communication is needed for a person having a panic attack?

A

The nurse should help the patient relax and be comfortable with discussing fears and anxiety​

A calm, understanding approach in a comfortable environment will help the person relax and be willing to engage in a therapeutic relationship

86
Q

What are meds used for panic attacks

A

SSRI
SNRI
BENZOs

87
Q

What are psychosocial interventions

A

Therapeutic interactions​

**Enhancing cognitive functioning **​
Distraction​
Reframing​
Positive Self-Talk​

Psychoeducation​
Wellness strategies​
Providing family education

88
Q

What is the panic disorder: Emergency Care
(7)

A

Stay with the patient​

Reassure him or her that you will not leave​

Give clear, concise directions​

Assist the patient to an environment with minimal stimulation​

Walk or pace with the patient​

Administer PRN anxiolytic medications​

Afterward, allow the patient to vent his or her feelings

89
Q

Agoraphobia​

A

Fear or anxiety triggered by situations such as using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed places, standing in line, being in a crowd, or being outside of the home alone ​

90
Q

Specific Phobia​

A

Phobic objects can include animals, natural environment, blood injection injury (e.g., fear of blood, injections), and situations

91
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)​

A

A persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur

92
Q

What are the 3 parts to a normal emotional response to anxiety?

A
  1. Physiologic arousal - fight or flight response
  2. Cognitive processes - decipher situation and decide should be approached or avoided
  3. Coping strategies - used to resolve the treat
93
Q

What factors determine whether anxiety is a symptom of a mental disorder?

A

Intensity of anxiety relative to the situation
Trigger for anxiety
particular symptom of clusters that manifest the anxiety

94
Q

Defense mechanism
DENIAL

A

Postive: Avoid feelings assoc with recognizing a problem

Negative: Avoid major problem that should be addressed

95
Q

Defense mechanism
PROJECTION

A

Postive: by assigning unwanted thoughts. feelings or behaviors to another person or object, individual does not have to acknowledge undesirable thoughts or feelings

Negative: Inability to acknowledge feelings that may be interferring with relationships. Can be inaccurante interpretation of the other persons thoughts and behaviors

96
Q

Defense mechanism
REACTION FORMATION

A

Postive: Reduces anxiety by taking the opposite feeling. Hides true feelings, which may be inappropriate

Negative: Unable to acknowledge personal feelings about others, which leads to negative consequences

97
Q

Defense mechanism
REPRESSION

A

Positive: Avoids unwanted thoughts and anxiety by blocking thoughts, experiences form conscious awareness

Negative: Cannot recall traumatic events that should be addressed to be healthy

98
Q

Selective mutism

A

rare disorder in childhood in which children do not initiate speech or respond when spoken to

99
Q

What other disorders do panic attacks occur?

A

depression, bipolar, eating disorder, medical conditions with cardiac or respiratory conditions

100
Q

Diagnostic criteria for PANIC DISORDER
(4)

A
  1. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
  2. at least 1 attack has been followed by 1 month + of one or both: persistent concern/worry about additional attacks, significant change in behavior = avoidance
  3. Disturbance not related to physiologic effects of a substance
  4. Disturbance not explained by other mental disorder
101
Q

Biologic theories for PANIC DISORDER
Brain size/fear network

A

Brain abnormailities in the “fear network” (amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla and cerebellum) and changes in volume in different brain areas

102
Q

Biologic theories for PANIC DISORDER
Serotonin/NE

A

NE effects cardiovascular, respiratory & GI
Serotonin effects central autonomic, emotional motor control

103
Q

Biologic theories for PANIC DISORDER
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

A

*most abundent inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain

When decreased = anxiety

104
Q

Biologic theories for PANIC DISORDER
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

A

Stress hormones are activiated = anxiety increases = panic attack

105
Q

Psychosocial theories for PANIC DISORDER

A

Anxiety that develops after separation and loss

106
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral theories for PANIC DISORDER

A

one learns fear response by linking an adverse of fear provoking event (ex. car accident) with a previosuly neutral event (crossing bridge) = conditioned to assoc fear with crossing a bridge

107
Q

Interoceptive conditioning

A

as assoc between physical discomforts, such as dizziness or palpitations and an impending panic attack

108
Q

What are some medications that can cause anxiety

A

Bronchodilators
Oral contraceptives
Amphetamines
Steroids
Thyroid meds
*contains caffeine like pain meds, anti inflam meds, decongestants

109
Q

What is the first priority when caring for a person with panic disorder?

A

Suicide prevention
*adolescents with panic disorder are at a higher risk for suicidal thoughts

110
Q

What food substances can cause anxiety

A

food coloring
monosodium glutamate
caffeine

111
Q

Nursing intervention based on degree of anxiety
MILD
MODERATE
SEVERE
PANIC

A

MIld - assist to use energy anxiety provides to encourage learning
MODERATE - Encourage to talk, focus on one expierence, describe fully
SEVERE - Relief behaviors to be used, encourage to talk
PANIC - STay with pt, allow pacing and walk with, no input made by nurse, Be direct with few words, do not touch

112
Q

Agoraphobia

A

anxiety triggered by 2 or more situations such as using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line, being in a crowd, or being outside of home alone.

*leads to avoidance behaviors

113
Q

Specific phobia disorder

A

persistent fear of clearly discernible objects or situations which lead to avoidance behaviors

*woman 2xs as much as men

114
Q

Acrophobia
Agoraphobia
Ailurophobia
Algophobia
Arachnophobia
Brontophobia
Claustrophobia

A

Acrophobia - fear of heights
Agoraphobia - fear of open spaces
Ailurophobia - fear of cats
Algophobia - fear of pain
Arachnophobia - fear of spiders
Brontophobia - fear of thunder
Claustrophobia - fear of closed spaces

115
Q

Cynophobia
Entomophobia
Hemtophobia
Microphobia
Nycophobia
Ophidiophobia
Phonophobia

A

Cynophobia - fear of dogs
Entomophobia - fear of insects
Hemtophobia - fear of blood
Microphobia - fear of germs
Nycophobia - fear of night
Ophidiophobia - fear of snakes
Phonophobia - fear of loud noises

116
Q

Pyrophobia
Topophobia
Xenophobia
Zoophobia

A

Pyrophobia - Fear of fire
Topophobia - fear of a place, like a stage
Xenophobia - fear of strangers
Zoophobia - fear of animals

117
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

persistent fear of social or performance in with embarassment may occur
*sensitive to disapproval or critisim/ woman more likely
**SSRIs used to treat

Nurs 243 (7 decks)

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