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Knowledge for Practice 1: BN505 > Week 30 > Flashcards

Week 30 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key nutrients essential during pregnancy?

A
  • Folic acid
  • Vitamin D
  • Iodine
  • Iron
  • Weight gain
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2
Q

How many women between 16-44 were reported being pregnant in the last 5 years?

A

One in three women

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3
Q

What percentage of pregnancy was planned?

A

54% planned pregnancy

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4
Q

What percentage of pregnancy was ambivalent?

A

32% ambivalent

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5
Q

What percentage of pregnancy was unplanned

A

14% unplanned

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6
Q

Whats Preconception Care?

A

The care a woman receivesbeforeshe becomes pregnant is sometimes called preconception care, or pre-pregnancy advice or counselling.

“Preventative approach through which biomedical, behavioural and psychosocial risk factors are identified before pregnancy or very early in pregnancy in order to optimise maternal and neonatal health outcomes”

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7
Q

What causes infertility?

A

Abnormal body weight, abnormal exercise level, poor nutrition, endometriosis, anovulation, cervical and vaginal problems, pelvic inflammatory disease.

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8
Q

What are the early signs of pregnancy?

A

Amenorrhea, abdominal bloating, tender breasts, bigger breasts, increased urinary frequency and urgency, nausea and appetite changes, tiredness.

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9
Q

Whats transcultural care theory?

A

Developed by nurse theorist Madeline Leininger in the early 1970s. Nurses have knowledge about a range of different cultures and can respond therapeutically to their client’s needs. Exists in a multicultural context that defines culture as a race and ethnicity.

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10
Q

What is the crisis theory in nursing care?

A

During the period of disequilibrium early in the crisis situation, people are more willing to accept health advice and are more open to change. This theory has commonly been used as a theoretical framework for midwifery and nursing interventions.

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11
Q

What is separation individuation theory in nursing care?

A

The process by which the infant separates psychologically from the mother to become an autonomous individual. The theory was first developed by Mahler (1975) who spoke of the process of the psychological birth of the human infant.

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12
Q

What is the stress and coping theory in nursing care?

A

Stress can impact the family on three levels-

  • Intrapsychic stress (individual)
  • Interpersonal stress (stress between individual family members)
  • Systematic stress (combination of all the stresses within and between family members)
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13
Q

What is the bonding theory in nursing care?

A

Suggests that human infant attachment develops over the first 6 months in phases. Also includes the concept of a sensitive period or imprinting lasting a few minutes of hours after birth.

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13
Q

Why is it important to have good nutrition During Pregnancy

A

Optimising a woman’s nutritional status, fitness and weight before, during and between pregnancies (including while breastfeeding) has immediate and long-term benefits for the health of both the woman and her child/children.

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14
Q

How much weight should a woman expect/ should gain in their pregnancy?

A

10-12 kgs

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15
Q

Why are pregnant teenagers particularly in risk of nutritional issues?

A

Because teenagers are growing through rapid growth and development themselves

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16
Q

What should pregnant people avoid?

A

Alcohol, cold-cooked meats, raw eggs, cream or custard, soft serve ice cream, processed meats, raw milk, raw- smoked- or precooked fish/ seafood, soft unpasteurised cheeses.

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17
Q

What people are at risk of developing vit d deficiency in pregnancy

A

Women who avoid sun exposure (religious, medical), women who live in the south island in winter, women with darker skin, women with liver or kidney disease

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18
Q

What foods are rich in vit d?

A

Portobello mushrooms, beef liver, eggs

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19
Q

What are Teratogens?

A

Teratogensare agents that increase the incidence ofcongenital abnormalities

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20
Q

What are examples of teratogens

A
  • Some prescribed medications
  • Substance abuse,
  • Environmental factors,
  • Infective agents (e.g. rubella)
  • Maternal disease, such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
21
Q

When in the first trimester?

A

13 weeks

22
Q

When is the second trimester?

A

14-26 weeks

23
Q

When is the third trimester?

A

27- 40 weeks (birth)

24
Q

What are two dangerous drugs that can affect pregnancy?

A

Warfarin and methotrexate

25
Q

What are symptoms of FASD?

A

Brain damage, growth restrictions, learning disability, low birth weight, physical disability, preterm birth, behavioural disability

26
Q

What are common symptoms in the first trimester

A

Urinary frequency, morning sickness, nasal stuffiness, constipation

27
Q

What are common symptoms in the second trimester

A

hemorrhoids, bleeding gums, faintness

28
Q

What are common symptoms in the third trimester

A

Shortness of breath, lower back ache, varicose veins, heartburn, oedema

29
Q

Why do women get morning sickness in the first trimester?

A

The elevated pregnancy hormone, displacement of the GI tract, and changes in blood volume, temperature and heart rate.

30
Q

Why do women get bleeding gums in the second trimester?

A

Hormonal changes causing the pregnant women to be more susceptible to gingivitis.

31
Q

Why do women get lower back ache in the third trimester?

A

Ligaments of the lower back and pelvis soften and stretch to accommodate for the growing baby

32
Q

What information is commonly used to calculate the gestational age?

A

First day of her last menstrual period

33
Q

What is the risk with Rhesus incompatibility?

A

The Rh antibodies can cross the placenta and cause hemolytic anemia in the second birth if the mother and baby have different Rh factors.

The RH antibodies formed after birth can cross the placenta and attack the baby’s red blood cells. This can lead to hemolytic anemia, and without enough oxygen, this can be fatal to the baby.

34
Q

When do you feel the first fetal movements

A

Between weeks 16–25 of the pregnancy.

35
Q

When are ultrasounds done?

A

These can be done at any time but are routinely performed at12 weeks, and18–22 weeks.

36
Q

What do the 12 week ultrasound check

A

nuchal translucencyandbiparietal diameter

37
Q

Why are the nuchal translucencyandbiparietal diameterchecked at the 12 week ultra sound?

A

All babies have some fluid, but Down’s syndrome babies have a larger amount. A nuchal translucency (NT) scan can be done between 11–13 weeks and is a non-invasive test to assess the risk of Down’s syndrome

BPD can also detect certain fetal abnormalities, such as hydrocephalus. Importantly, the growth of the head, height and girth of the baby are assessed together to ensure the fetus is developing normally

38
Q

When is the pre-embryonic period?

A

conception to 2 weeks

39
Q

When is the embryonic period?

A

3- 8 weeks

40
Q

What are some in-utero infections?
(when the membranes that surround the baby in the womb are infected)

A

Toxoplasma
Syphilis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes

41
Q

Why are taking iron and folic acid important in pregnancy?

A

To reduce the risk of low birth weight, maternal anaemia and iron deficiency

42
Q

Why is cannabis use bad in pregnancy?

A

Crosses the placenta

Pregnancy risks include higher risk preterm labour and premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, increased hospital stay.

Neonatal risks of low birth weight, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care admission

Long term effect of in-utero exposure to marijuana - childhood hyperactivity, difficulty with attention, learning, memory and behaviour

THC passes through breastmilk

43
Q

What are the roles of nurses during preconception and pregnancy?

A

Nurses encounter clients seeking preconception services and pregnancy in a variety of settings including – family planning, sexual health, primary care settings and acute care settings

Evaluating risks, providing education and monitoring

Knowing what is normal and how to refer

44
Q

What health habits are important to discuss during the antenatal period and why?

A

Having good nutrition, getting regular prenatal care, and not drinking alcohol

45
Q

How would you talk to a pregnant person about these health habits to create a person-centred approach to their care?

A
  • Understanding the woman’s context
  • Cultural safety in antenatal care
  • Providing information and support so that women can make decision
  • Documenting discussions and decisions
  • Involving the woman’s family
46
Q

Why is folic acid important in pregnancy?

A

When the baby is developing early during pregnancy, folic acid helps form the neural tube. Folic acid is very important because it can help prevent some major birth defects of the baby’s brain (anencephaly) and spine (spina bifida).

47
Q

Why is vitamin D important for pregnancy?

A

It helps us to absorb the right amount of calcium and phosphate. It is especially important in pregnancy as it helps your baby’s bones, teeth, kidneys, heart and nervous system to develop.

48
Q

Why is iodine important for pregnancy?

A

Iodine helps the body to grow and develop, especially the brain.

49
Q

Why is weight gain important for pregnancy?

A

Gaining too little weight can cause problems such as premature birth and a baby with a low birth weight (less than 2.5kg or 5.5lb at birth).

50
Q

How do you form a person-centred approach with pregnant people?

A

Consider the person’s personhood - What they hold dear and what threatens their wellbeing.

51
Q

Whats the antenatal period

A

The antenatal period covers the time from conception until birth.

Knowledge for Practice 1: BN505 (7 decks)

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