14

Question 1

sigma bond

Answer 1

covalent bond formed by head on overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 2

pi bond

Answer 2

covalent bond formed by sideways overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 3

lines to represent carbon framework

Answer 3

each point to the line work represents a C. if not C or H you need to draw it attached.

Question 4

structural isomers

Answer 4

compounds have identical molecular formula but different structural formula. differ in atom to atom connectivity. isomers have different physical and biological properties.

Question 5

geometric isomers ( cis/trans)

Answer 5

arise due to lack of free rotation around a double bond.
cis- substituents on same side ( u like)
trans- substituents on opposite sides (s like)

Question 6

optical isomers : chirality and enantiomers

Answer 6

chiral: chemically identical but possess unique three dimensional shapes making them mirror images that are not superimposable
* c may posses 4 different sigma bonds ( stereogenic centre giving rise to 2 stereoisomrs)
* each bond must be to a different atom

Question 7

Enantiomers

Answer 7

Non-superimposable mirror images ( cannot overlap substituents)