1.4 HVIII after 1529

Question 1

The changes from 1529-1536…

Answer 1

had little impact on the doctrine of the church, but gave henry legal power over it

Question 2

When did doctrinal changes to the church arguably begin

Answer 2

1536, the dissolution of monasteries

Question 3

what suggests henry was reluctant to break with rome

Answer 3

the length he spent trying to persuade the pope for a divorce

• The first act of Annates was conditional, giving the pope an oppurtunity to grant the divorce in return for an abandonment of the break.
• he applied pressure on the church to force his agreement and weaken the attempts for the church to resist.

Question 4

What allowed Henry to claim the church needed reform

Answer 4

in 1529, parliament, MPs attacked what they claimed were widespread abuses from the church.

Question 5

Act of Submission of the Clergy

Answer 5

1532 - church surrenders right to enact clerical laws

Question 6

Act in restraint of annates

Answer 6

1532 - banned most clerical taxes to rome, gives Henry the right to appoint bishops

Question 7

List 3 legal reforms HVIII did 1532

Answer 7

1530 - charged church w praeminure, later withdrew it for a fine
1532 - Act of Submission of the clergy
1532 - Act in restraint of annates

Question 8

By the end of 1532, had HVIII achieved anything with the pope?

Answer 8

No, he had only destroyed church resistance

Question 9

List 5 legal reforms HVIIII did 1533-1536

And what do these indicate

Answer 9

1533 - Act in restraint of appeals
1534 - Act of Succession
1534 - Act of Supremacy
1534 - Act for first fruit and tenths
1534 - Treason act

^ none of these are doctrinal, only removing power from the pope and giving it to the king.

The act for first fruit also gives money to the king.

Question 10

what did parliament achieve from 1533-1536

Answer 10

Abolished papal authority in england through a series of statutes

Question 11

Act in restraint of Annates

Answer 11

1532 - banned payments to rome

The first one was conditional, giving the pope the chance to grant the divorce.

Question 12

Act in restraint of appeals

Answer 12

1533 - foreign powers (pope) cannot intervine in england

: catherine cant appeal to the pope on the divorce

Question 13

Act of Supremacy

Answer 13

1534 - Confirmed henry was the supreme head of the church

Question 14

Treason act

Answer 14

1534 - Made it treason to not swear the oath of supremacy, or to deny the kings supremacy

Question 15

Act of Succession

Answer 15

1534 - Ends Marriage w Catherine, Made Mary Illigetimate

It is treason to question Anne and Henry’s marriage

Question 16

Argument against the idea HVIII wanted wealth and thats why he did the reformation

Answer 16

He didnt make lots of money until years in

It was only with the dissolution of monasteries, in 1536, that henry gained substantially .

Question 17

Argument that HVIII wanted wealth and thats why he did the reformation

Answer 17

-1530 charge of praeminure showed He could easily obtain money from the church

• Cromwell promised to make henry “the richest man in christendom”

Question 18

How was the dissolution of monasteries a direct assault on purgatory?

Answer 18

Monks spent much of their time praying for souls of the dead.

Question 19

by 1536, would the church ever be able to challenge the state again?

Answer 19

no.

There was a significant shift in power from the church to the state.

Question 20

Describe the religious changes of 1536-39

Answer 20

A swing towards protestantism / reform

Question 21

describe the Religious changes of 1539-40

Answer 21

A return to more catholic / traditional

Question 22

describe the religious changes of 1541-43

Answer 22

A period of religious confusion

Question 23

describe the religious changes of 1544-47

Answer 23

Triumph of the reformed faction

Question 24

Act for first fruit and tenths

Answer 24

1534 - holders of church jobs had to pass some money on to the king.

Question 25

list religious developments from 1536-39

Answer 25

1536 - dissolution of smaller monasteries 1536 - Act of ten articles 1537 - Bishops book 1537 - Matthews bible 1538 - John Lambert executed 1539 - dissolution of greater monasteries 1539 - Act of Six articles

Question 26

List 2 religious developments 1536-9 which were more catholic leaning

Answer 26

1538 - John lambert executed 1539 - Act of Six articles

Question 27

Act of Ten Articles

Answer 27

1536 , Rejected 4 of the 7 sacraments of catholicism

Question 28

Bishop's book

Answer 28

1537 - Status of preists, mass and purgatory were vague, the book reduced their importance

Question 29

Matthews bible

Answer 29

1537- Protestant Bible

Question 30

John Lambert

Answer 30

A man who henry had executed in 1538 for rejecting the catholic beleif in transubstantiation

Question 31

Act of Six articles

Answer 31

1539 - Confirmed Transubstantiation

Question 32

5 Argument that cromwell mostly influenced religious change 1536-39

Answer 32

- He pressured bishops to agree to the bible in english - issued the royal injunctions - Influenced the bishop's book - one of the charges brought against him were his religious beleifs - When cromwell was executed, Henry married a catholic wife- catherine howard

Question 33

The period of religious confusion / 1540-43

Answer 33

1539 Act of Six articles 1540 Henry Marries Catherine Howard, Executes cromwell 1543 act for advancement of true religion - restricts access to the bible Henry protected cranmer from attacks from the catholic faction

Question 34

Act for advancement of true religion

Answer 34

1543 - restricts access to the bible still allows the bible in english

Question 35

Religious developments 1544-47

Answer 35

- 1544- english litany - 1545 act dissolving the chantries was passed but not enforced - Edward given a protestant tutor - 1546 Anne askew burnt for denying transubstantiation - triumph of the reformists - they controlled the king's will and dry stamp

Question 36

Anne askew

Answer 36

Burnt for denying transubstantiation in 1546

Question 37

Valor Ecclesiasticus

Answer 37

1535 census on the wealth of the church. At the same time cromwell sent inspectorates to monasteries.

Question 38

Argument that the Larger monasteries were dissolved for money

Answer 38

The act closing smaller monasteries praised the larger ones, therefore at that stage (1536) there was no plan to close them

Question 39

how much did crown income increase thanks to the dissolution of monasteries

Answer 39

doubled

Question 40

Why cromwell had to exxagerate the corruption of monasteries

Answer 40

- people valued not just the religious, but also social work of the monasteries, as was evident in the Pilgrimage of grace

Question 41

4 Religious motives to dissolve the monasteries

Answer 41

- Monasteries support purgatory by offering prayers for the dead - Protestants dont beleive in the value of religious houses - Monestaries owed alliegence to powers outside of england , going against the Act in Restraint of appeals - Many opps to the reformation were monks

Question 42

4 Financial motives to dissolve the monasteries

Answer 42

- Henry had already spent his inheritance on wars from france - 1530s, threat of catholic crusade/ invasion - Funds would remove the need for parliamentary taxation - land could be used to buy off opposition eg. Norfolk

Question 43

2 people who were executed for not swearing the oath of supremacy

Answer 43

Sir Thomas More John Fisher ^ Both opposed due to religious reasons.

Question 44

List 4 forms of opposition to religious change before 1536

Answer 44

- Thomas more resigned + refused oath , executed - John fished refused oath, executed - Monks + Friars resisted changes, were executed or starved - Elizabeth barton - made prophecies against divorce - executed

Question 45

why was there limited opposition to HVIII's reformation especially before 1536

Answer 45

- there had been no change to doctrine / church rituals - May have thought Henry would restore the pope after his divorce

Question 46

How many did the pilgrimage of grace have, what was the proportion to HVIII's army?

Answer 46

40,0000 outnumbered what force HVIII could raise 5:1

Question 47

The pilgrimage of grace included all classes: how far is this true?

Answer 47

It is true, however gentry support dissapeared when royal forces came near.

Question 48

reasons the pilgrimage of grace was serious

Answer 48

- rebel "host" armies far outnumbered the king - rebels had control of york in north - rebels controlled pontefract castle in south - well organised under robert aske's leadership - attracted support to all classes

Question 49

6 Arguments the pilgrimage of grace was religious

Answer 49

- the timing - aske claimed dissolution was the "great cause" of the rebellion - rebels restored some monks to their monasteries - the pilgrim oath + the ballad from the rising stressed the religious element - the number of religious greivances in rebel demands - the rising began and lasted longest in areas around monasteries

Question 50

4 Arguments the pilgrimage of grace was not religious

Answer 50

- poor harvests 1535/6 - Enclosure an issue in York - complaints about cromwell and other advisers - supporters of catherine/ mary saw rebellion as the only way to restore their influence

Question 51

5 why was there not more opposition after 1536?

Answer 51

- the moves to protestantism were piecemeal - Henry remained catholic, giving the impression catholic practice was still acceptable - it is your duty to obey the monarch - opposition was surpressed with the treason act 1534 - direct correspondence (letters to JPS) used by cromwell to create fear