14. Immunopharmacology Flashcards
(20 cards)
Most important effect of NSAIDs
Inhibition of the arachidonic acid metabolism (inhibition of prostanoid synthesis by interfering with COX activity)
Side effects of NSAIDs
Peptic ulcer, erosive gastritis-duodenitis
Lipoxygenases
Leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)
Cycloxygenases
Prostaglandins and thromboxane
Effect of leukotrienes
Bronchoconstriction
Inhibitors of COX-1
NSAIDs, aspirin
Inhibitors of COX-2
COX-2 inhibitors, NSAIDs, aspirin
COX-2 inducers
Cytokines, growth factors
Effect of COX-1
Cytoprotective prostaglandins: Protect gastric mucosa, aid platelet aggregation
Effects of COX-2
Inflammatory prostaglandins: Recruit inflammatory cells, sensitize skin pain receptors, regulate hypothalamic temp. control
Antihistamines targets what receptors
- H1 receptor antagonists -> allergic rhinitis
- H2 receptor antagonists -> inhibit gastric HCL secretion
Leukotriene inhibitors used for?
In the therapy of bronchial asthma
5 types of cytostatic drugs
- Alkylating agents
- Folic acid antagonists (methotrexate)
- Purine antagonists (azathioprine)
- Pyrimidine antagonists (leflunomide)
- Vinca alkaloids (vinblastin, vincristin)
Target of alkylating agents
Prevents DNA synthesis by binding to DNA (cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil)
When are non-cytostatic immunosuppressive drugs used?
In the case of transplanted patients
Non-cytostatic immunosuppressive drug effects
Cyclosporin A and tacrolimus:
- T-cells: Reduced expression of IL-2-4, GM-CSF, TNFalpha, reduced proliferation, reduced serine esterase exocytosis
- B-cells: Reduced proliferation, induction of apoptosis following activation
- Granulocytes: Reduced Ca-dependent exocytosis of granule-associated serine esterases
Drugs used in the base therapy of rheumatoid arthritis
DMARDs (disease modifying antirheumatic drug)
A complete human monoclonal antibody
Denosumab
Effect of denosumab
Binds RANKL and inhibits osteoclast formation, function and survival
Anakinra
An IL-1R antagonist (used for rheumatoid arthritis)
