1.4 membrane transport

Question 1

diffusion

Answer 1

the passive net movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 2

osmosis

Answer 2

the movement of water through cell membranes; low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 3

net movement

Answer 3

overall movement

Question 4

passive

Answer 4

does not require energy

Question 5

concentration gradient

Answer 5

difference in concentration of a solution between 2 locations

Question 6

factors affecting the rate of diffusion

Answer 6

concentration gradient, surface area, thickness of membrane, temperature, size of molecules

Question 7

plasmolysed

Answer 7

cell is (essentially) dehydrated; cell membrane detaches from cell wall

Question 8

turgid

Answer 8

too much water in the cell

Question 9

crenation / crenated

Answer 9

shrinkage of animal cells

Question 10

flaccid

Answer 10

when nothing happened to the cell / same amount of water

Question 11

facilitated diffusion

Answer 11

for large, polar molecules; uses integral proteins / protein channels

Question 12

polytopic / transmembrane

Answer 12

they recognise a certain type of molecule and helps to move it across the membrane

Question 13

potassium channels

Answer 13

enables the transport of potassium in axons (neurons) and are voltage gated

Question 14

ATP importance for active transport

Answer 14

moves ions or large molecules across the membrane against the concentration gradient

Question 15

(ATP) adenosine + triphosophate

Answer 15

adenosine + diphosophate + phosphate + energy

Question 16

hydrolosis

Answer 16

the usage of water to split ATP

Question 17

how does active transport work

Answer 17

they use energy from the ATP to move ions and molecules against concentration gradient

Question 18

endocytosis

Answer 18

intake of a extracellular substance that creates a fold / pocket in the cell membrane; forms a vesicle

Question 19

exocytosis

Answer 19

release of substances when vesicle joins the cell membrane

Question 20

vesicle

Answer 20

a small sack formed by the cell membrane that contains liquids inside