1.4: Mid-Tudors: Mary I (1553-1558) Flashcards
1.4.1: Mary I and her ministers1.4.2: The social impact of religious and economic changes under Mary I (14 cards)
Summarise what the Royal Government was like under Mary
Mary played an active role appointing Catholics like Gardiner and some moderates from Edward’s reign such as Paget. However the Queen ignored council turning to Renard the Spanish ambassador, she also relied on Cardinal Pole.
What was Mary’s relationship with Parliament like
They generally cooperated however there were disagreements over things such as reversal of Edwardian religious legislation, issues of succession and issues over ex-monastic property
What were the plans for Succession
Elizabeth was to succeed Mary would she die childless, Mary confined Liz to the tower after Wyatt’s rebellion in 1554 but she was released, Mary then naming her successor before she died
Why was the Spanish marriage a problem for the succession
Mary wanted an heir so she married Phillip of Spain however he couldn’t have power in England at all and England wouldn’t get involved in Spanish wars
Why was the marriage unsuccessful
The English were hostile to Phillip so he didnt spend much time in England at all and in 1555 parliament prevented Phillip’s coronation as King
Summarise Mary’s relations with Foreign Powers
She achieved the restoration of Papal Supremacy in 1554. However anti-Spanish Pope Paul was elected renewing the French-Spanish war, Mary sided with Spain going against the Papacy. However Mary lost Calais in 1558 in humiliating fashion.
What was the religious situation after Edwards death
Many had already begun to restore Catholic practices before Mary ordered religious changes, however Mary proceeded cautiously
What was the problem for Mary to do with the Protestants in London and how did she resolve it
There was a strong minority in London, there reforms were established by statute law and the elites who Mary needed the support of had no desire to give back the Church land so Mary deprived 7 prominent clergy of their livings and ordered foreign protestants to leave the country
What was Mary’s First Parliament in 1553 and what were the subsequent results
The legal status of the Church of England to be upheld, The church was restored to its state in 1547 and clergy who had married could be deprived of their livings. Pope Julius ordered that the Church submitted to Rome
What was agreed in 1554 with the Pope and what was the results of this
Pope Julius agreed not to try and reclaim land back, Cardinal pole sent as legate, Pole was dismissed by Pope Paul in 1557
What was the economic and social situation when Mary took over
Mary inherited a serious situation in 1553 and this grew worse during her reign as inflation continued culminating in serious distress in the years 1556-58. There was a series of bad harvests and the population suffered bouts of various epidemics including the plague
What were the governments attempts to resolve these issues
1556-58: Re-coinage plans drawn up but not implemented until Elizabeth
1555: Poor Law Act made beggars wear badges to encourage donations to parishes
Encouragement of the conversion of pasture land to crop farming
What was Wyatt’s rebellion (1554)
Planned in November 1553 with four uprisings (Devon, Hertfordshire, Leicestershire, Kent), but only Kent with 3,000 men. Main causes: opposition to Queen Mary I’s proposed marriage to Philip of Spain
Key outcomes: The rebellion nearly succeeded but failed to remove Mary. Lady Jane Grey was executed due to her father’s involvement.
What was Humanist and religious thought under Mary
Catholics - Erasmus was labelled a heretic, and religious teaching focused on traditional doctrine (e.g. Bishop Bonner’s works). Cardinal Pole emphasized papal authority despite tensions with Pope Paul IV.
Protestants were divided in exile—some supported the 1552 prayer book, while others (like John Knox) pushed for more radical reforms. John Foxe gathered material for his Book of Martyrs, endorsed under Elizabeth.
