14: Organic Synthesis

Question 1

What are alkyl ammonium salts formed from?

Answer 1

Primary amines

Question 2

Give the type of reaction that occurs when alkyl ammonium salts are formed from primary amines.

Answer 2

Acid base

Question 3

Give the reagent and condition needed to form alkyl ammonium salts from primary amines.

Answer 3

Dilute HCl at room temperature.

Question 4

Name the type of reaction that forms haloalkanes from alkanes.

Answer 4

Free radical substitution

Question 5

Give the conditions needed for free radical substitution.

Answer 5

UV light

Question 6

Name the mechanism used to form primary amines from haloalkanes.

Answer 6

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 7

Give the reagent and conditions needed to form primary amines from haloalkanes.

Answer 7

Concentrated NH2 and heat

Question 8

Name the mechanism used to form secondary amines from primary amines.

Answer 8

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 9

Give the conditions and reagent needed to form a secondary amine from a primary amine.

Answer 9

Heat with a haloalkane

Question 10

Name the mechanism used to form tertiary amines from secondary amines.

Answer 10

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 11

Give the conditions and reagent needed to form a tertiary amine from a secondary amine.

Answer 11

Heat with haloalkane

Question 12

Name the mechanism used to form quaternary ammonium salts from tertiary amines.

Answer 12

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 13

Give the conditions and reagent needed to form quaternary ammonium salts from a tertiary amine.

Answer 13

Heat with haloalkane

Question 14

Name the mechanism used to form alkenes from haloalkanes.

Answer 14

Elimination

Question 15

Name the conditions and reagent used to form alkenes from haloalkanes.

Answer 15

Heat with NaOH dissolved in ethanol

Question 16

Name the mechanism used to form haloalkanes from alkenes.

Answer 16

Electrophilic addition

Question 17

Give the conditions and reagent needed to form haloalkanes from alkenes.

Answer 17

Heat with a hydrogen halide.

Question 18

Name the mechanism used to form a dihaloalkane from alkenes.

Answer 18

Electrophilic addition

Question 19

Give the conditions and reagent needed to form a dihaloalkane from alkenes.

Answer 19

Halogen at room temperature

Question 20

Give the mechanism to form a diol from dihaloalkanes.

Answer 20

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 21

Give the conditions needed to form a diol from a dihaloalkane.

Answer 21

Dilute warm aqueous NaOH under reflux

Question 22

Name the type of reaction used to form an alcohol from an alkene.

Answer 22

Hydration

Question 23

Give the conditions needed to form an alcohol from an alkene.

Answer 23

Steam, H2SO4 and heat

Question 24

Name the mechanism used to form alkenes from alcohols.

Answer 24

Elimination

Question 25

Give the conditions needed to form an alkene from alcohols.

Answer 25

Concentrated acid and heat

Question 26

Name the mechanism used to form an alcohol from haloalkanes.

Answer 26

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 27

Give the conditions and reagents used when forming alcohols from haloalkanes.

Answer 27

Dilute warm aqueous NaOH and heat under reflux

Question 28

Give the mechanism used when forming nitriles from haloalkanes.

Answer 28

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 29

Give the conditions needed for forming nitriles from haloalkanes.

Answer 29

Heat under reflux using KCN

Question 30

Name the type of reaction used when forming primary amines from nitriles.

Answer 30

Reduction

Question 31

Give the reagents and conditions needed for forming primary amines from nitriles.

Answer 31

LiAlH4 dissolved in dry ether and heat

Question 32

Give the type of reaction used when converting alcohols to ketones.

Answer 32

Oxidation

Question 33

Give the conditions needed for converting alcohols to ketones.

Answer 33

Acidified K2Cr2O7 and heat

Question 34

Give the type of reaction used when converting ketones to alcohols.

Answer 34

Reduction

Question 35

Give the conditions needed to convert ketones to alcohols.

Answer 35

NaBH4 and heat

Question 36

Name the type of reaction used to convert alcohols to aldehydes. Give the conditions

Answer 36

Oxidation. Acidified potassium dichromate and heat

Question 37

Name the type of reaction used to convert aldehydes to alcohols. Give the conditions

Answer 37

Reduction Add NaBH4 and heat

Question 38

Name the type of reaction used to convert aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Give the conditions

Answer 38

Oxidation. Add acidified potassium dichromate and heat under reflux.

Question 39

Name the type of reaction used to convert carboxylic acids to aldehydes and give the conditions.

Answer 39

Reduction LiAlH4 in dry ether and heat

Question 40

Give the type of reaction that happens when converting nitriles to carboxylic acids.

Answer 40

Hydrolysis

Question 41

Give the conditions and reagent needed to convert nitriles to carboxylic acids.

Answer 41

Dilute HCl and heat

Question 42

Give the type of reaction that occurs when converting carboxylic acids to carboxylate salts.

Answer 42

Acid base

Question 43

Give the conditions/reagents needed when converting carboxylic acids to carboxylate salts.

Answer 43

NaOH at room temperature

Question 44

Give the type of reaction that occurs when forming esters from carboxylic acids.

Answer 44

Condensation

Question 45

Give the conditions and reagents needed when forming esters from carboxylic acids.

Answer 45

Alcohol, H2SO4 and heat

Question 46

Name the mechanism used when forming esters from acid anhydrides and acyl chlorides. Give the conditions and reagents.

Answer 46

Nucleophilic addition-elimination Alcohol

Question 47

Name the reaction that happens when converting acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides to carboxylic acids.

Answer 47

Hydrolysis

Question 48

Give the conditions and reagent needed when forming carboxylic acids from acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides.

Answer 48

H2O at room temperature

Question 49

Give the mechanism needed when converting acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides to amides.

Answer 49

Nucleophilic addition elimination

Question 50

Give the conditions and reagent needed to make amides from acyl chlorides.

Answer 50

Amines at room temperature.

Question 51

Name the mechanism used to form ethyl benzene from benzene.

Answer 51

Electrophilic substitution

Question 52

Name the conditions and reagent used to form ethyl benzene from benzene.

Answer 52

Heat with chloroethane and AlCl3

Question 53

Name the mechanism used to form nitrobenzene from benzene.

Answer 53

Electrophilic substitution

Question 54

Name the reagents used to form nitrobenzene from benzene.

Answer 54

Concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4

Question 55

Name the mechanism used to form benzaldehyde from benzene.

Answer 55

Electrophilic substitution

Question 56

Name the conditions and reagent used to form benzaldehyde from benzene.

Answer 56

Heat with ethanoyl chloride and AlCl3

Question 57

Name the mechanism used to form methyl benzene toluene from benzene.

Answer 57

Electrophilic substitution

Question 58

Name the conditions used to form methyl benzene toluene from benzene.

Answer 58

Heat with chloromethane and AlCl3

Question 59

Name the mechanism used to form chloromethyl benzene from methyl benzene toluene.

Answer 59

Free radical substitution

Question 60

Name the conditions and reagent used to form chloromethyl benzene from methyl benzene toluene.

Answer 60

UV and chlorine

Question 61

Name the mechanism used to produce 1-methyl 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene from methyl benzene toluene.

Answer 61

Electrophilic substitution

Question 62

Name the conditons used to produce 1-methyl 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene from methyl benzene toluene.

Answer 62

Concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4

Question 63

Name the type of reaction that occurs when converting nitrobenzene to alanine amino benzene.

Answer 63

Reduction

Question 64

Name the conditions and reagent that occurs when converting nitrobenzene to alanine amino benzene.

Answer 64

Sn and conc HCl, heat