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Anatomy 2 Unit 3 > 14 - Superior and Posterior Mediastinum > Flashcards

14 - Superior and Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Note: L brachiocephalic v. crosses trachea

A

anteriorly

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2
Q

Vagus Nerves (CN X) & Phrenic n.: Pass through the

A

thoracic inlet between a vein and artery

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3
Q

Vagus Nerves (CN X): Descends posterior to

A

root of lung

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4
Q

Vagus Nerves (CN X): Parasympathetic innervation to

A

thorax (& abdomen)

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5
Q

Phrenic Nerves (C3-C5): Descends anterior to

A

root of lung

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6
Q

Phrenic Nerves (C3-C5): Somatic innervation to

A

diaphragm

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7
Q

Mediastinal Divisions anterior to

A

vertebral bodies

Between mediastinal pleura of both lungs

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8
Q

The mediastinum is subdivided into 4 smaller regions:

A 
Superior
Inferior
-Anterior
-Middle
-Posterior
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9
Q

Extends from the

mediastinum

A

thoracic inlet to diaphragm & from sternum to 12th thoracic vertebra

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10
Q

Infection may spread from Retropharyngeal Space(1) into

A

Danger Space(2)

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11
Q

Descending aorta: Lies just

A

L of esophagus

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12
Q

Descending aorta: Gives rise to

A

posterior intercostal aa supplying thorax

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13
Q

Descending aorta: Supplies branches to

A

trachea, bronchi & esophagus

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14
Q

Chylothorax = accumulation of

A

lymph in pleural cavity

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15
Q

Chylothorax results from

A

Results from torn or leaking thoracic duct

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16
Q

Chylothorax Often from

A

lymphoma or trauma during thoracic surgery

A type of pleural effusion visible on chest films

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17
Q

Superior mediastinum above

A

above the sternal angle (= posterior to the manubrium) & T4-T5 IV disc

Superior extent is an oblique plane passing from the jugular notch upward and posteriorly to the superior border of T1 vertebra.

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18
Q

Anterior mediastinum

between

A

sternum & pericardium

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19
Q

Middle mediastinum

contains

A

pericardium & related structures

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20
Q

Posterior mediastinum

between

A

pericardium & T5-T12 vertebrae

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21
Q

Thymus Gland: Posterior to the

A

Manubrium

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22
Q

Thymus Gland: Lies anterior to

A

brachiocephalic vv.

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23
Q

Thymus Gland: Prominent & active in childhood prior to

A

puberty

T cell maturation

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24
Q

Thymus Gland: Functionally

A

inactive & atrophies in adults

may appear as a fatty mass in older individuals

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25
Q

Aortic Arch: Begins & ends at

A

same level = sternal angle or T4-T5

3 portions of aorta

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26
Q

Aortic Arch: Arches over

A

L main bronchus & pulmonary trunk

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27
Q

Aortic Arch: Gives rise to

A

3 great aa. before descending
brachiocephalic trunk
L common carotid a.
L subclavian a.

28
Q

Trachea: Descends immediately

A

anterior to esophagus

29
Q

Trachea: Bifurcates at

A

inferior limit of superior mediastinum

Carina

30
Q

Trachea: Numerous lymph nodes found at the

A

carina

31
Q

Clinical Notes: Carina: Foreign bodies usually

A

aspirated into R main bronchus

32
Q

Clinical Notes: Carina: Shorter and wider than

A

L main bronchus

33
Q

Clinical Notes: Carina: R also more

A

vertically oriented than L

34
Q

Clinical Notes: Carina: Carina usually positioned

A

L of median plane

35
Q

Esophagus: Descends immediately

A

posterior to trachea

36
Q

Esophagus: Pierces diaphragm at

A

esophageal hiatus

37
Q

Esophagus: Arteries arise from

A

thoracic a., bronchial aa. & ascending L gastric a.

38
Q

Esophagus: Venous drainage via

A

azygos, hemiazygos & L gastric vv.

39
Q

Esophagus: Lymphatics to

A

posterior Mediastinum

40
Q

Clinical Notes: Esophageal Hiatus: Stomach may herniate thru

A

esophogeal hiatus = hiatal (hiatus) hernia

41
Q

Clinical Notes: Esophageal Hiatus: Type I:

A

sliding hiatal hernia
stomach slides freely into thorax
most common
often asymptomatic

42
Q

Clinical Notes: Esophageal Hiatus: Type II:

A

paraesophageal hernia
fundus
often fixed in position risking gastric blood supply

43
Q

Posterior Mediastinum

A 
Esophagus & esophageal plexus
Azygos system of vv.
Descending aorta
Thoracic duct
Thoracic splanchnic nn
44
Q

Esophagus & Esophageal Plexus: Vagus nn join to form

A

plexus around esophagus

45
Q

Esophagus & Esophageal Plexus: near diaphragm plexus reforms

A

vagal trunks

46
Q

Esophagus & Esophageal Plexus: L Vagus n. =

A

anterior vagal trunk

47
Q

Esophagus & Esophageal Plexus: R Vagus n. =

A

posterior vagal trunk

due to rotation of gut during development

48
Q

Esophagus & Esophageal Plexus: both trunks pass thru

A

diaphragm with esophagus

49
Q

Azygos System of Veins: Provides venous drainage for

A

thorax

50
Q

Azygos System of Veins: Azygos v. - drains

A

intercostal vv from R side of thorax

51
Q

Azygos System of Veins: Hemiazygos & accessory hemiazygos vv. =

A

drains L thorax

these both drain to azygos v.

52
Q

Azygos System of Veins: Azygos v. arches over

A

R superior bronchus to drain into SVC

53
Q

Thoracic Duct: Posterior to

A

esophagus & anterior to vertebral bodies

54
Q

Thoracic Duct: Located between

A

azygoes v. & descending aorta (thorax)

55
Q

Thoracic Duct: Passes thru diaphragm with

A

descending aorta

56
Q

Thoracic Duct: Drains lymph from

A

entire body below diaphragm

57
Q

Thoracic Duct: Enters venous angle between

A

L subclavian v. & L IJV

58
Q

Symp. Trunks are \

A

lateral of vertebral bodies & pass post. to diaphragm (or thru crura) to enter abdomen

59
Q

2 types of branches from ganglia:

A

1st – postgang. symp. To thoracic viscera
2nd - preganglionic symp. innervate the abdomen (not thorax)
-Greater splanchnic nn.
-Lesser splanchnic nn.
-Least splanchnic nn.

60
Q

Thoracic Autonomic Nerves: Symp – originate from

A

T1-T5

61
Q

Thoracic Autonomic Nerves: Parasymp – originate from

A

vagus

62
Q

Vagus, T1-5 Commingle to form

A

thoracic plexuses
cardiac
pulmonary
esophageal

63
Q

Somatic NS =

A

voluntary system to skin & mm.

64
Q

Autonomic NS =

A

involuntary system to viscera & vessels

Note: ANS controls visceral functions

65
Q

Trachea ends at

A

T6

Anatomy 2 Unit 3 (14 decks)

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