14. Targeting Immune Disorders Flashcards
(38 cards)
Name 3 stimulatory cytokines
IL-1
IL-2
TNF
Name 2 inhibitory cytokines
IL-3
IL-4
Name a class of cell adhesion molecules
Integrins
What is the role of ERVs in organ transplant?
Increases risk when transplanting an organ from a non-human animal
Virus is endogenous to that species, but can be incorporated into human DNA
What type of antigens are responsible for graft vs host disease?
Histocompatible
What part of the immune system is activated by xenografts from animals?
Complement
Name 3 classes of cytotoxic immunosuppressants
Alkylating agents
Folic acid analogues
Purine derivatives
Name an alkylating agent
Cyclophosphamide
What is cyclophosphamide activated to in the liver?
Phosphamide mustard
What immune reaction does cyclophosphamide cause?
Absolute leucopaenia
What effect does low dose cyclophosphamide have on the immune system?
Targets only B cells
What are the side effects of cyclophosphamide?
Alopecia
Nausea
Name an anti-folate
Methotrexate
What is the MOA of methotrexate?
Interferes with dihydrofolate reductase
Inhibits replication of B and T cells
What diseases is methotrexate used to treat?
RA
Psoriasis
Why is the low dose used to treat rheumatoid arthritis not effective in cancer?
At this dose it doesn’t affect DHF reductase
Instead it increases adenosine production which has anti-inflammatory effects
What causes the side effects associated with methotrexate?
Lack of folic acid
Immune suppression
Name an anti-cancer agent which is used to treat MS
Mitoxantrone
What is the MOA of mitoxantrone?
Intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase 2
Why is mitoxantrone used as a last resort treatment?
Cardiotoxicity
Which antibiotics have immune suppressive effects?
Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
Which cells are inhibited by doxorubicin?
B cells more than T cells
Doesn’t inhibit macrophages or NKs
Which cells are inhibited by Daunorubicin?
Macrophages
What is the serious side effect of doxorubicin?
Cardiomyopathy
