14.0 Flashcards
Blending
Hypothesis is the idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together-a pricnicple accounts for the passing of traits from parents to offspring
Particulate
Hypothesis is the idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes)
Character
Heritable feature that varies among individuals
Trait
Each variant for a character
True-breeding
Plants that produce offspring the same variety when they self-pollinate
Hybridization
Mating two contrasting, true-breeding varieties
P generation
True-breeding parents
F1 generation
Hybrid offspring of the P generation
F2 generation
F1 individuals self-pollinate or cross-pollinate with F1 hybrids
Law of segregation
Mendel crossed contrasting, true-breeding white and purple flowered pea plants producing F1 hybrids all purple, crossed F1 hybrids with F2 producing purple an white and discovered a 3:1 ratio in F2 generation
Dominant
Purple, presides over recessive, “R”
Recessive
White, masked by dominant, “r”
Heritable factor
Gene
Mendel’s model: First
Mendel developed a hypothesis of the 3:1 ratio inheritance pattern pf F2 offspring
Alternative versions
Account for the variations in inherited characters
Alleles
Alternative versions of a gene
Each gene resides where on a specific chromosome?
Specific locus
Mendel’s model: Second
For each character and organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent
Dominant allele
Determines the organism’s appearance
Recessive allele
No noticeable effect on appearance
Law of Segregation
Two alleles for a heritable character separate (segregate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
What model accounts for the 3:1 ratio observed in the F2 generation?
Law of Segregation
Possible combinations of sperm and egg can be shown in what?
Punnet Square
