Unit 2 Cells Flashcards
What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
-Large central vacuoles
-Cell walls
-Chloroplasts
-Starch Granules
Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
-Prokaryotes have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
-Has single chromosome in nucleic region
-Smaller than Eukaryotes
What do all cells have in common?
-ribosomes
-DNA
-cytoplasm
-plasma membrane
Vacuoles (Animal cells)
-minor roles in exocytosis & endocytosis
Vacuoles (Plant cells)
-plants contain large central vacuoles that act as digestive system
-they also regulate cells concentration of water in changing environmental conditions
-when turgid, provide structure for cell wall
Nucleolus
-Dense, solid structure
-Composed of crystalline protein and nucleic acid
Ribosomes
-complexes of Protein and RNA
-Responsible for Protein Synthesis
-Made up of large subunit and small subunit
-receive mRNA and translates it into specific order of amino acids
Mitochondria
-Double membrane-bound organelle
-inner layer has folds called cristae
-area surrounding these folds called Matrix
-Has own ribosomes and DNA
-Responsible for making ATP through Cellular Respiration
Lysosomes
-only found in animal cells
-“garbage disposal”
-Contains enzymes that breakdown macromolecules
Endomembrane system
-group of membranes and organelles in Eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins
Which organelles does the Endomembrane system include?
-nuclear envelope
-lysosomes
-vesicles
-ER
-Golgi body
-plasma membrane
Rough ER
-ribosomes attached to surface transfer proteins into lumen (inner ER)
-protein is folded and acquires side chains
-also makes phospholipids
-uses transport vesicles that bud from membrane to move modified proteins or phospholipids to their destinations
Smooth ER
-has few to no ribosomes on it’s surface
-functions include: synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormone, detoxification of medici and poisons, and storage of calcium ions
Golgi apparatus
-Proteins and lipids traveling in vesicles fuse to cis face of Golgi body and empty their contents into lumen of Golgi
-modifications include adding short chains of sugar molecules
-Then tags modified proteins and lipids with phosphate group or other small molecules so they can be routed to their proper destination
Chloroplast
-have own DNA and ribosomes like mitochondria
-carry out photosynthesis
-have inner and outer membrane
-contain sets of stacked thylakoid membranes in groups called Geraniums
-fluid enclosed by inner membrane called storm
-green due to green pigment chlorophyll
