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AIRFRAME REPAIR > CHAPTER 8 - RIVETS AND FASTENERS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 8 - RIVETS AND FASTENERS Flashcards

1
Q

INTRODUCTION
How are rivets always supplied to the operator?

A

With one head already formed and the shank bare to permit insertion

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2
Q

INTRODUCTION
In what documents are the appropriate rivets found for repairs?

A

Appropriate repair scheme e.g Topic 6

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3
Q

INTRODUCTION
What are the most common rivets made from?
What other materials can be used?

A

Most common: Aluminium Alloy
Other Metals: Steel, Tungum, Monel, Nickel Alloy, Copper

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4
Q

INTRODUCTION
What 3 properties of a rivet effect it’s strength?

A

Their size, type of head and the material they’re made from

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5
Q

INTRODUCTION
Which is the strongest out of the types of rivets?
Also specify an advantage of the other two…

A

-Strongest are the Snap Head rivets due to size and material
-Second strongest: mushroom head - good holding so usually used on external skinning
-Countersunk-head: although weaker, provide a huge advantage for aerodynamics and aircraft performance due to flush external jointing

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6
Q

CLASSES AND CONSTRUCTION
Specify the three classes used in aviation rivets and fasteners

A
  1. Solid rivets: strongest of the rivet fasteners - normally used when access to both sides of the work is possible
  2. Blind Expansion rivets: used when only one side of the work is accessible
  3. Special Purpose fasteners: used where a greater shear or tensile strength, or other special property is required
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7
Q

CLASSES AND CONSTRUCTION
What information about a rivet is given by their specification references?

A

Head form, material and size

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8
Q

CLASSES AND CONSTRUCTION
What is rivet size based on?

A

By the diameter of the shank
It’s overall length

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9
Q

CLASSES AND CONSTRUCTION
Describe what would happen in these join considerations:
1. If the rivets are too close together
2. If the rivets are too far apart
3. If the rivets are too close to the edge

A
  1. Too close —> excess number of rivet holes will cause the metal to weaken
  2. Too far —> not sufficient amount of them to take the load applied to the structure, as well as not being effectively weather sealed
  3. Too close to the edge —> allows them to tear through the metal under load
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10
Q

ABBREVIATIONS
What do these mean when appearing in the repair procedure:
D L P Gauge

A

D: Nominal Rivet Diameter
L: Land - distance from the entire of the rivet hole to the edge of the plate/skin
P: Pitch - the distance between the centres of adjacent rivet holes
Gauge: thickness of the metal sheet given in millimetres, thousands of an inch or SWG

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11
Q

HOLE DIMENSIONS
Define the term Clearance in riveting..
What happens if this is too small or too big

A

This is the space surround the rivet and the edge of the hole, it allows for the expansion of the rivet.
Too small: the sheets can twist
Too big: sheets could move apart

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12
Q

SOLID RIVETS
Define the term Allowance in riveting..

A

The length of the shank which comes out of the hole

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13
Q

SOLID RIVETS
Unless specified otherwise, what is the usual allowance for a ‘reaction’ rivet?

FOLLOW UP: With the dimension, would would the thickness usually be once formed

A

1.5D
Thickness: 0.5D

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14
Q

SOLID RIVETS
Why should you never cut rivets to length?

A

Ruins the finish on the rivet tail which can cause crack after it is formed

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15
Q

SOLID RIVETS
What is Squeeze riveting? And how is it different from the normal procedure?

A

When rivets are closed by hydraulically or pneumatically operated machines or tools
Different as the rivets are squeezed and not hit

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16
Q

SOLID RIVETS
Where is the squeeze riveting procedure used?

A

Where the honeycomb panels are part of the structure

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17
Q

SOLID RIVETS
What shape is the dolly used on countersunk-head rivets?

A

Crowned - so the edges don’t make contact with the airframes skin

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18
Q

SOLID RIVETS
What is the maximum and minimum width allowed for formed rivets? What should the thickness also be?

A

Minimum: 1.33D
Maximum: 1.5D
Thickness: 0.5D

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19
Q

SOLID RIVETS
At what percentage of swelling is a rivet usually at once formed correctly?

A

50%

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20
Q

SOLID RIVETS
What device can be used to check for a correct diameter of a formed head?

A

GO/NO GO Gauge

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21
Q

SOLID RIVETS
How could over-panning effect the surrounding metal?

A

Initiate cracks around the hole

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22
Q

SOLID RIVETS
List 3 things that should be checked when inspecting formed rivets..

A
  1. Rivets are tight and correctly formed
  2. Rivet heads have no damage or cracks
  3. Adjacent area has not been damaged by tools
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23
Q

MBC LOCK CREATOR FASTENERS
What does the MBC lock creator rivet have, which forms the rivet lock installation?

A

A driving anvil

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24
Q

MBC LOCK CREATR FAsTENERS
What measurements can a single pulling head be used to install?

A

3.2mm
4.0mm
4.8mm

25
Q

MBC LOCK CREATOR FASTENERS
Which pliers are used for the above fasteners?

A

AVDEL pliers

26
Q

MBC LOCK CREATOR FASTENERS
These rivets are supplied lubricated, should this be removed?

A

NO

27
Q

MBC LOCK CREATOR FASTENERS
How do you know installation is complete with these rivets?

A

When the stem breaks off flush with the head of the rivet

28
Q

MBC LOCK CREATOR FASTENERS
Which two loose articles break off from this rivet once installation is complete?

A

Pulling stem
Driving anvil

29
Q

CHERRYMAX RIVETS
Name the 5 main parts of a Cherrymax rivet..

A

Hollow rivet sleeve
Serrated stem
Shear ring
Locking collar
Stem cone

30
Q

CHERRYMAX RIVETS
Cherrymax rivets are supplied lubricated, should this be removed?

A

NO

31
Q

CHERRYMAX RIVETS
When being installed, what happens when the break notch in the rivet stem is in line with the locking recess in the rivet sleeve?

A
  1. The locking collar is automatically put in
  2. The rivet stem shears off level with the top of the rivet head
32
Q

CHERRYMAX RIVETS
Why are nominal and oversize Cherrymax rivets not interchangeable?

A

Due to the difference in the necessary hole diamter

33
Q

HI-LOK FASTENERS
What 2 parts are the hi-lok made up of?

A

Pin and collar

34
Q

HI-LOK FASTENERS
How is the hi-lok installed?

A

A Allen key is held against the pin whilst the collar is tightened. The hexagonal nut breaks off when the correct torque value is applied.

35
Q

HI-LOK FASTENERS
Why are these fasteners not true blind rivets?

A

Although one person can form them, access to both sides is still required

36
Q

HI-LOK FASTENERS
What diameters are these fasteners available in?

A

From 3.2mm to 9.2mm

37
Q

HI-LOK FASTENERS
How is the hi-lock colour coded?

A

Red for the aluminium alloy collar
Natural Steel for stainless steel pin

38
Q

HI-LOK FASTENERS
What is the adjustment lowed in material without a change in pin length?

A

+
1.6mm
-

39
Q

VISU LOK II BLIND BOLT
Which fastener is a corrosion-resisting steel blind fastener?

A

VISU LOK II BLIND BOLT

40
Q

VISU LOK II BLIND BOLT
What is an alternate fastener for the above?

A

Jo-Bolts

41
Q

REMOVING BURRS
What does debarring accomplish?

A

Removes all rough edges (burrs) and unwanted material (swarf)

42
Q

REMOVING BURRS
What tool is used to remove burrs?

A

De-burring tool

43
Q

COUNTERSINKING
When can you countersink (instead of dimpling)?

A

When the sheet metal thickness is greater than the depth of the rivet head

44
Q

COUNTERSINKING
What process is used if countersinking cannot be done?

A

Dimpling

45
Q

COUNTERSINKING
What is done is the sheet are of different thicknesses?

A

Dimple made in the thin sheet
Countersinking made in the thick sheet

46
Q

COUNTERSINKING
What is the countersinking tool made up of?

A

A centralising spigot
An adjustable depth stop

47
Q

COUNTERSINKING
What tools are used for dimpling?

A

A punch and a setting block
A different tool required for each different countersink angle

48
Q

COUNTERSINKING
Compared to the hole, how big should the diameter of the dimpling punch pilot be?

A

The same

49
Q

COUNTERSINKING
Name 4 things that should be inspected before a rivet is installed…

A
  1. Holes are circular and 90 degrees to the surface
  2. Diameter is correct for the type of rivet
  3. Sharp does are made smooth
  4. Countersink is at the centre of the hole and cut to the correct angle
  5. Countersink has sufficient depth
  6. Dimple has no marks and is correct angle
  7. Surfaces touch without distortion and the same shape as the adjacent area
  8. Burrs and swarf is removed
  9. Surface treatment is examined and repaired is necessary
50
Q

REMOVAL OF SOLID RIVETS
What should you think about before removing rivets?

A
  1. Thickness and strength of the surrounding structure
  2. Procedure which will cause the least damage
51
Q

REMOVAL OF SOLID RIVETS
What should be checked before a rivet is reinstalled?

A

Diameter of the hole is within limits

52
Q

REMOVAL OF SOLID RIVETS
Explain the usual procedure for removing a solid rivet..

A

Mark the head with a centre-punch
Drill to the depth of the head
Remove the head with a pin-punch (or a flat chisel as last resort)
Rivet removed with a parallel punch (make sure the skin is support from behind)

53
Q

REMOVAL OF SOLID RIVETS
What should you not do when removing solid rivets?

A

Make the hole larger or cause damage to surrounding structure
Put on a shear load

54
Q

REMOVAL OF BLIND RIVETS
Why are Cherrymax rivets so difficult to remove?

A

They contain a steel collar which physically locks the rivet stem in place

55
Q

REMOVAL OF BLIND RIVETS
How should a Cherrymax rivet be removed?
How does this differ with a countersink Cherrymax?

A

File the universal head cherrymax rivet until the steel collar is removed
Use a punch to remove the stem

Countersink: small drill is used to drill into the stem
Hole is increased to the rivet shank diameter and the lock collar lifted out

56
Q

REMOVAL OF BLIND RIVETS
How do you remove a blind rivet?

A

Head is drilled off with a drill the same diameter as the hole
Remaining part is removed with a punch

57
Q

RIVET CALCULATION
What is length measured in?
What is diameter measured in?
(Inches)

A

Length: 1/16 of an inch
Diameter: 1/32 of an inch

58
Q

SOLID RIVETS
What rivets can be used in squeeze riveting as an alternate to solid rivets?

A

AVDEL rivets

59
Q

SOLID RIVETS
How heavy is an average block used when forming a 3.2mm rivet?

A

Approximately 1kg

AIRFRAME REPAIR (13 decks)

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