Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AN S 214 L > Lab 3b - Growth and Development > Flashcards

Lab 3b - Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

-blast

A

to sprout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cyt-

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

derm-

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ecto-

A

outside of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

en-, endo-

A

within

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

meso-, medio-

A

middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

teras-, terat

A

monster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

toti-

A

whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is growth?

A
  • Increase in size and weight of tissues (bone, muscle, organ)
  • Increase in amount of protein and mineral accumulated in the body
  • Excludes Adipose tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is edema?

A
  • The retention of water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 2 ways does growth occur?

A
  • Hypertrophy
  • Hyperplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Hypertrophy?

A
  • Increase in cell size through an increase in organelle size
    EX: postnatal growth (muscle and nerve cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Hyperplasia?

A
  • Increase in cell numbers (mitosis)
  • Tissues that under go hyperplasia during postnatal growth
    • Skin, Blood, capillaries, liver, and adipose tissue
  • Prenatal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two different types of growth?

A
  • Determinate growth
  • Indeterminate growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Determinate growth?

A
  • Body grows to a certain point (maturity) and then ceases
    EX: birds and mammals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Indeterminate growth?

A
  • Growth continues throughout the lifetime of the individual
    EX: fish, reptiles, amphibians
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Development?

A
  • Change in form and function
  • Series of uninterrupted events
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Cellular Differentiation?

A
  • Cells become more specialized (liver, muscle, skin cells)
  • All originate from single fertilized ovum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Morphogenesis?

A
  • establishment of shape and patterns in an animal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Morphology?

A
  • The study of form and structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Embryology?

A
  • Study of the period of time from fertilization to birth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is fertilization?

A
  • Combining of sperm and ovum = zygote
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a Zygote?

A
  • Fertilized Ovum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Zona Pellucida?

A
  • Protective layer that surrounds and protects the mammalian oocyte
  • Structure that sperm penetrate to fuse and fertilize the ovum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is Cleavage?

A
  • Sequential cell divisions immediately following fertilization
  • Cell size decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are Blastomeres?

A
  • Undifferentiated cells formed during cleavage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a Morula?

A
  • Solid ball of cells
  • Mulberry shaped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is Blastulation?

A
  • Conversion of the morula into the blastocyst
  • Formation of trophoblast cells, inner cell mast cells, and blastocoel cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a Blastocyst?

A
  • Hollow ball that is one cell layer thick around a fluid-filled cavity
  • Results in trophoblast and inner cell mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are Trophoblast cells?

A
  • Outer layer of the blastocyst
  • Outermost layer of the placenta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are Inner mast cells?

A
  • Small aggregate of cells beneath trophoblast
    -develops into an embryo and all layers of placenta except the outer one
32
Q

What is the Blastocoele Cavity?

A
  • Inner part of blastocyst, fluid filed area
  • Provides nutrients to the growing embryo
33
Q

What is Implantation?

A
  • Attachment of blastocyst to the uterine wall
  • Hatches from Zona pellucida prior to attachment
34
Q

What is Gastrulation?

A
  • Second major differentiation event
  • 2 cell layers form (endoderm and ectoderm)
35
Q

What are the embryonic tissue layers?

A
  • Endoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Ectoderm
36
Q

What is the Endoderm?

A
  • Lungs, larynx, trachea, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas develop from here
  • Germ cells develop here and travel to reproductive organs
37
Q

What is the Mesoderm?

A
  • Muscles, urinary system, heart, connective tissue (bone and blood) and some of the repro system form here
38
Q

What is the Ectoderm?

A
  • Forms the epidermis, nervous system (brain, spinal cord, and nerves) and some of the repro syst.
39
Q

What is Neuralation?

A
  • Ectoderm develops into the brain, spinal cord, and associated structures
40
Q

What is an Embryo?

A
  • Implantation through formation of organs and organ systems
41
Q

What is a Fetus?

A
  • Time formation of organs and organs systems have been completed until parturition
42
Q

Growth is divided into what 2 phases?

A
  • Prenatal
  • Postnatal
43
Q

What is prenatal growth?

A
  • Growth and development that occurs before birth
44
Q

Prenatal growth is divided into what 3 phases?

A
  • Period of the ovum
  • Period of the embryo
  • Period of the fetus
45
Q

What occurs during the period of the ovum?

A
  • time from fertilization to implantation
  • little to no increase in weight although cleavage is occurring
  • Blastocyst implantation occurs at end of blastocyst stage

Sperm+Ovum = Zygote (fertilized ovum) = Morula (solid ball) = Blastocyst (hollow ball) = implantation

46
Q

What occurs during the period of the embryo?

A
  • Begins with gastrulation (endo,meso,ectoderm)
  • Formation of specific organs and tissues
  • All major structures and systems established
    • Heart and circulatory system functional
  • Characterized by hyperplasia
47
Q

What occurs during the period of the fetus?

A
  • Late embryonic stage (restricted to mammals)
  • Maturation of organ function takes place
  • Characterized by large increase in weight and large quantity of nutrients
  • Hyperplasia still occurs, growth is primarily hypertrophy
  • 2/3 to 3/4 of birth weight is accuried
  • fetus far less vulnerable to teratogenic effects
48
Q

Sheep Prenatal growth and development

A
  • Ovum (1-8 days)
  • Embryo (9-34 days)
  • Fetus (35 days to term)
  • Gestation (147 days)
49
Q

Pig Prenatal growth and development

A
  • Ovum (1-6 days)
  • Embryo (7-23 days)
  • Fetus (24 days to term)
  • Gestation (114 days)
50
Q

Cattle Prenatal growth and development

A
  • Ovum (1-11 days)
  • Embryo (12-45 days)
  • Fetus (46 days to term)
  • Gestation (283 days)
51
Q

Horse Prenatal growth and development

A
  • Ovum (1-8 days)
  • Embryo (9-60 days)
  • Fetus (60 days to term)
  • Gestation (336 days)
52
Q

Human Prenatal growth and development

A
  • Ovum (1-7 days)
  • Embryo (8-56 days)
  • Fetus (57 days to term)
  • Gestation (266 days)
53
Q

Cat Prenatal growth and development

A
  • Ovum (1-7 days)
  • Embryo (8-29 days)
  • Fetus (30 days to term)
  • Gestation (56-67 days)
54
Q

Dog Prenatal growth and development

A
  • Ovum (1-7 days)
  • Embryo (8-29 days)
  • Fetus (30 days to term)
  • Gestation (56-68 days)
55
Q

What is Ontogeny?

A
  • Life history, entire life span
56
Q

What is Teratology?

A
  • a branch of embryology that studies malformations
57
Q

What is Totipotent?

A
  • Capability of one cell to develop into any tissue type to form and entire organism
58
Q

What is Pluripotent?

A
  • Cells of inner cell mass
  • Can develop into whole fetus and all layers of placentae except outermost
59
Q

Events in embryonic chick development

A
  • Before egg laying
    • Fertilization, division and growth of living cells, segregation of cells into groups of special function
  • Between laying and incubation
    • no growth; stage of inactive embryonic life
60
Q

Events during Incubation Day 1

A

Day 1
- 16 hrs (first sign of resemblance to chick embryo)
- 18 hrs (alimentary tract)
- 20 hrs (vertebral column)
- 21 hrs (formation of NS)
- 22 Hrs (formation of head)
- 24 hrs (formation of eye)

61
Q

Events during Incubation Day 2

A

Day 2
- 25 hrs( formation of heart)
- 35 hrs (formation of ear)
- 42 hrs (heart begins to beat)

62
Q

Events during Incubation Day 3

A

Day 3
-60 hrs (formation of nose)
- 62 hrs (formation of legs)
- 64 hrs (formation of wings)

63
Q

Events during Incubation Day 4

A

Day 4
-Formation of tongue

64
Q

Events during Incubation Day 5

A

Day 5
- Formation of repro organs and sex

65
Q

Events during Incubation Day 6

A

Day 6
- formation of beak

66
Q

Events during Incubation Day 8

A

Day 8
- formation of feathers

67
Q

Events during Incubation Day 10

A

Day 10
- hardening of beak

68
Q

Events during Incubation Day 13

A

Day 13
- Appearance of scales and claws

69
Q

Events during Incubation Day 14

A

Day 14
- embryo moves to position for breaking shell

70
Q

Events during Incubation Day 16

A

Day 16
- Scales, claws and beak become firm

71
Q

Events during Incubation Day 17

A

Day 17
- beaks turn towards air cell

72
Q

Events during Incubation Day 18

A

Day 18
- Pulmonary surfactant is produced

73
Q

Events during Incubation Day 19

A

Day 19
- Yolk sac enters body cavity

74
Q

Events during Incubation Day 20

A

Day 20
- yolk sac completely enters body
- embryo occupies all sapce but air cell in shell

75
Q

Events during Incubation Day 21

A

Day 21
- Chick Hatches

AN S 214 L (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions