Chronic Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

what are signs of mineral deficinecy in cows?

A

poor performance, vauge signs, sometimes diarrhea

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2
Q

what is the most common mineral deficinecy in cows? what are clinical signs of this and how do you diagnose and treat these animals?

A

copper deficinecy!

either primary (not enough copper) or secondary (too much antagonist)

C/S: reduced hair pigment, diarrhea, weight loss, poor fertility

diagnosis: test liver levels, test the feed

tx: Copper supplement, mineral mixes/boluses

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3
Q

what is Johne’s disease?

A

a chronic disease caused by mycobacterium avium supspecies paratuberculosis, affects more than 50% of dairy herds in western canada, possible link to Crohn’s disease in humans.

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4
Q

how does Johne’s disease present?

A

in ADULT cattle more than 2 years old, chronic diarrhea, weight loss, edema (protein losing enteropathy), no blood, mucus, or fever.

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5
Q

how do you treat Johne’s?

A

you can’t, gotta cull em

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6
Q

3 ways to diagnose Johne’s? which 2 are used the most?

A

blood antiboody ELISA

fecal PCR

necropsy

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7
Q

how is Johne’s disease spread?

A

caught as a calf, they shed it, then they experience disease as adults (it has a long incubation time holy cannoli)

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8
Q

what is johne’s disease shed in?

A

feces, colostrum, milk, in uteruo maybe?? we don’t know

PERSISTS in ENVIRONEMENT

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9
Q

pros and cons of the ELISA test vs fecal PCR for johne’s

A

ELISA: not as sensitive, but VERY specific, cheaper and quicker

fecal PCR: more sensitive, very specific, can possibly get an earlier pos result

fecal culture usually only used in research

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10
Q

what test would you want to use to diagnose johne’s in each scenario:
- a high prevalence herd
- a low prevalence herd
- surveillance
- to confirm a case in herds with NO prior confirmed case
- to confirm a case in a confirmed positive herd

A
  • ELISA
  • PCR
  • environmental or pooled fecal culture
  • PCR
  • ELISA
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11
Q

for johne’s, what cow is most at risk and what cow is the riskiest?

A

at risk: just born calves with a + mother

riskiest: 4yo cow, slightly reduced production

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12
Q

what are some ideas John gave us in class to decrease disease spread in a herd for Johne’s?

A
  • identify which cows have it prior to calving–>infected cow only infects her own calf instead of several calves
  • separate mom and have her calve in a separate area
  • dont feed pooled colostrum, could infect several calves
  • pasteurize colostrum
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13
Q

what treatments and preventions are there for johne’s?

A

there is a vaccine that can limit shedding and disease but doesn’t eliminate it, and this can make seroligical testing redundant. it is not widely used

this is not widely accepted but: can use monensin prophylactically??

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