inorganic ions + water Flashcards

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1
Q

what is magnesium used for in animals?

A

allows teeth and bones to develop

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2
Q

what is magnesium used for in plants?

A

needed to synthesis chlorophyll to allow photosynthesis to occur

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3
Q

what is iron used for?

A

component in haemoglobin which carries oxygen in red blood cells
(lack of anaemia)

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4
Q

what is calcium used for in animals?

A

important structural component for bones and teeth

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5
Q

what is calcium used for in plants?

A

important structural component for cell walls

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6
Q

what is phosphate used for?

A

needed to synthesis nucleotides (e.g. RNA, DNA)
component of phospholipids in cell membranes

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7
Q

what are the bonds between atoms within the same water molecule?

A

single covalent bonds

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8
Q

what are the bonds between two water molecules?

A

hydrogen bonds

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9
Q

what charge are the hydrogens in water?

A

partially positive

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10
Q

what charge are the oxygens in water?

A

partially negative

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11
Q

why is water a polar molecule?

A

because it has separate charges due to the unequal sharing of electrons
electrons from the hydrogen atoms get pulled towards the oxygen atom

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12
Q

why do electrons from hydrogen get pulled towards oxygen in water?

A

the oxygen atom attracts electrons a little more strongly than hydrogen does

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13
Q

why is water a solvent?

A

water molecules are dipoles so they attract charged particles which dissolve in water

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14
Q

why is it important for water to be a solvent?

A

acts as a transport medium
(animals - plasma)
(plants - minerals in xylem and sucrose in phloem)

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15
Q

how does water have cohesion?

A

water molecules attract each other forming hydrogen bonds
bonds are weak but stick together in a lattice

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16
Q

how does water have surface tension?

A

molecules on the surface of water are not effected by molecules above them so pull together more strongly

17
Q

why is cohesion and surface tension important for water?

A

so a body of an insect can be supported
to draw columns of water up xylem vessels

18
Q

how does water have thermal stability?

A

large bodies of water have fairly
constant temperatures

19
Q

how is having thermal stability important for water?

A

prevents large fluctuations in water temp so keeps aquatic habitats stable

20
Q

what happens when water freezes?

A

water expands as water molecules in ice form a rigid structure so there is more space in between them (less dense)

21
Q

how is freezing important for water?

A

ice floats on the top of water and is a good insulator for aquatic habitats

22
Q

how does water have a high specific heat capacity?

A

large amount of heat needed to raise its temperature because the hydrogen bonds between water molecules restrict their movement

23
Q

how does water have a high latent heat of vaporisation?

A

a lot of heat energy is needed to change it from a liquid to a vapour

24
Q

why is having a high latent heat of vaporisation important for water?

A

important in temperature control where heat is used to vaporise water from sweat on skin or from leaf surfaces