carbohydrates

Question 1

what are the 3 main groups of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides

Question 2

what are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

instant energy sources
transportable/stores of energy
structural materials

Question 3

what are examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 3

triose
pentose
hexose

Question 4

what is an example of triose?

Answer 4

glyceraldehyde

Question 5

what is an example of pentose?

Answer 5

ribose
deoxyribose

Question 6

what is an example of hexose?

Answer 6

glucose
galactose
fructose

Question 7

what is glucose?

Answer 7

a hexose monosaccharide
simple sugar

Question 8

what are the properties of glucose?

Answer 8

polar molecule
very soluble
major respiratory substrate

Question 9

where is the OH in alpha glucose?

Answer 9

at the bottom

Question 10

where is the OH in beta glucose?

Answer 10

at the top

Question 11

what does fructose look like?

Answer 11

a pentagon shape

Question 12

what does galactose look like compared to glucose?

Answer 12

alpha glucose
OH on the left side is swapped to the TOP

Question 13

what are disaccharides?

Answer 13

2 monosaccharides joined together during a condensation reaction

Question 14

what happens during a condensation reaction?

Answer 14

larger molecules are formed
new covalent bond formed
water molecule lost

Question 15

glucose + glucose

Answer 15

maltose

Question 16

glucose + galactose

Answer 16

lactose

Question 17

glucose + fructose

Answer 17

sucrose

Question 18

what are the properties of polysaccharides?

Answer 18

insoluble
no osmotic effect on cells
compact (stored in small space)
carries a lot of energy in C-H and C-C bonds

Question 19

what is starch made of?

Answer 19

a mixture of amylose (alpha) and amlyopectin (alpha)

Question 20

what is amylose made from?

Answer 20

maltose (glucose + glucose) + glucose

Question 21

what is amylose?

Answer 21

straight chain
only 1-4 glycosidic bonds
coiled

Question 22

what bonds are in carbohydrates?

Answer 22

glycosidic bonds

Question 23

what is amlyopectin?

Answer 23

branched molecule
both 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 24

what does starch do?

Answer 24

storage polysaccharide in plants

Question 25

what is special about the structure of starch?

Answer 25

structured so that glucose can be readily broken off for respiration

Question 26

what is glycogen?

Answer 26

stored form of glucose
made of many glucose units

Question 27

what are the properties of glycogen?

Answer 27

more branched
1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 28

what does glycogen do?

Answer 28

storage polysaccharide for animals (in liver and muscles)

Question 29

what are the properties of cellulose?

Answer 29

long and unbranched
every other glucose is flipped 180 degrees

Question 30

what is the structure of cellulose?

Answer 30

forms parallel chains that lie side by side
held in place by hydrogen bonds
cross links between chains form microfibrils

Question 31

what is cellulose used for?

Answer 31

in cell walls
strong structure supports cell wall to prevent bursting

Question 32

what is chitin?

Answer 32

structural polysaccharide in insect exoskeletons, spiders and crustaceans, cell walls of fungi

Question 33

what are the properties of chitin?

Answer 33

contains NITROGEN
similar structure to cellulose but has side groups
strong
waterproof
lightweight

Question 34

what is the side group in chitin?

Answer 34

acetyl amide

Question 35

is starch alpha or beta?

Answer 35

alpha

Question 36

is glycogen alpha or beta?

Answer 36

alpha

Question 37

is cellulose alpha or beta?

Answer 37

beta

Question 38

is chitin alpha or beta?

Answer 38

beta