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Counseling Theories > Chance to Excel 1 > Flashcards

Chance to Excel 1 Flashcards

1
Q

role of counselor

A
  • essential knowledge of counseling theory, techniques, supervised experiences
  • be authentic
  • create a climate in which clients can examine their thoughts, feelings, and actions
  • to empower clients to arrive at their own solutions to problems they face
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2
Q

goals of therapy

A
  • set by the client
  • differ from client to client
  • facilitate change
  • to improve quality of life
  • maintain or improve daily function.
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3
Q

counselor values

A
  • be aware of value imposition
  • recognize that you are not value neutral
  • influence how we act and view counseling
  • manage personal values so they do not contaminate the therapeutic relationship
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4
Q

multicultural considerations

A
  • our experiences may cause bias
  • culture and ethnic background need to be taken into account in therapy
  • most therapies are based on Western models, therefore may not work for all cultures
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5
Q

self-disclosure

A

-appropriately sharing reactions
- being ourselves and appropriately sharing, increases the chances of the client being authentic
- can help counselors connect with clients in forming a strong therapeutic relationship

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6
Q

evidence-based practices

A

the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences
- brief and standardized

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7
Q

criticisms of EBP

A
  • mechanicalistic and does not allow for individual differences in clients
  • not well-suited for helping clients with existential problems
  • may not be normed for diverse populations
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8
Q

Dual Relationships

A
  • either sexual or non-sexual, occur when counselors assume two (or more) roles simultaneously or sequentially with a client
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9
Q

managing dual relationships

A
  • set healthy boundaries early in the therapeutic relationship
  • document discussions
  • consult to maintain objectivity
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10
Q

mandatory ethics

A

a level of ethical functioning at the minimum level of professional practice

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11
Q

aspirational ethics

A

focuses on doing what is in the best interest of clients
- involves the highest standards of thinking and conduct

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12
Q

positive ethics

A

approach taken by practitioners who want to do their best for the client rather than simply meet minimum standards to stay out of trouble

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13
Q

informed consent

A

the right of clients to be informed about their therapy and to make autonomous decisions pertaining to it
- promotes active collaboration of clients
- therapy procedures, supervision, risks/benefits, cost of treatment, limits of confidentiality

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14
Q

confidentiality

A

legal duty of therapists not to disclose information about the client

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15
Q

privileged communication

A

legal concept that protects clients from having their confidential communications revealed in court without their permission

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16
Q

ethical decision making

A
  • identify the problem, review relevant codes, seek consultation, brainstorm, list consequences, decide and document the reasons for your actions
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17
Q

Id

A

pleasure principle

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18
Q

ego

A

reality principle

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19
Q

superego

A

moral principle

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20
Q

repression

A

threatening or painful thoughts and feelings are excluded from awareness

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21
Q

denial

A

“closing one’s eyes” to the existence of a threatening aspect of reality

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22
Q

reaction formation

A

actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse

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23
Q

projection

A

attributing to others one’s own unacceptable desires and impulses

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24
Q

displacement

A

directing energy toward another object or person when the original object or person is inaccessible

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25
Q

rationalization

A

manufacturing good reasons to explain away a bruised ego

26
Q

sublimation

A

diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels

27
Q

regression

A

going back to an earlier phase of development when there were fewer demands

28
Q

introjection

A

taking in and “swallowing” the values and standards of others

29
Q

identification

A

identifying with successful causes, organizations, or people in the hope that you will be perceived as worthwhile

30
Q

compensation

A

masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations

31
Q

oral stage

A
  • 1st year
  • related to later mistrust and rejection issues
32
Q

anal stage

A
  • 1-3 years
  • related to later personal power issues
33
Q

phallic stage

A
  • 3-6 years
  • related to later sexual attitudes
34
Q

latent stage

A
  • 6-12 years
  • a time of socialization
35
Q

genital stage

A
  • 12-60 years
  • sexual energies are invested in life
36
Q

trust v. mistrust

A
  • birth - 2 years
  • virtue of hope
  • looking for basic needs to be met
37
Q

autonomy v. shame/doubt

A
  • ages 2 to 4
  • virtue of will
  • exploring and experiencing
38
Q

initiative v. guilt

A
  • ages 4 to 7
  • virtue of purpose
  • achieve competence and initiative
39
Q

industry v. inferiority

A
  • ages 7 to 12
  • virtue of competency
  • finding things you are good at
40
Q

identity v. confusion

A
  • ages 12 to 18
  • virtue of fidelity
  • experiment with and develop identity and roles
41
Q

intimacy v. isolation

A
  • ages 19-29
  • virtue of love
  • establish intimacy and relationships with others
42
Q

generativity v. stagnation

A
  • ages 30-64
  • virtue of care
  • contribute to society and be part of a family
43
Q

integrity v. despair

A
  • ages 65+
  • virtue of wisdom
  • assess and make sense of life and meaning of contributions
44
Q

Transference

A
  • the client reacts to the therapist as they did to an earlier significant other
  • allows clients to experience feelings that would otherwise be inaccessible
  • client can achieve insight into the influence of the past
45
Q

countertransference

A
  • the reaction of the therapist toward the client that may interfere with objectivity
  • can potentially help you understand your client’s world
46
Q

Analytical Psychology

A
  • human beings have both constructive and destructive forces
  • in order to become integrated we must come to terms with our dark side or shadow
47
Q

latent content

A

hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes, and fears

48
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

emerged as a way of shortening and simplifying the lengthy process of classical psychoanalysis

49
Q

objects relation theory

A

emphasis on how our relationships with other people are affected by the way we have internalized our experiences of others

50
Q

Adler’s view of human nature

A
  • behavior is purposeful and goal-directed; and conscious more than unconscious
  • meaning in life
  • strive for success
  • completion
  • choice and responsibility
51
Q

social (life) task

A

building friendships

52
Q

love (life) task

A

establishing intimacy

53
Q

occupational (life) task

A

contributing to society

54
Q

social interest

A
  • an individuals attitude toward and awareness of being part of the human community
  • embodies a community feeling and emphasizes the client’s positive feelings toward others in the world
  • innate, learned, developed, and used
  • we are primarily motivated by our desire to belong
55
Q

Phase 1: Establishing the proper therapeutic

A
  • relationship supportive, collaborative, educational, encouraging process
  • help client build awareness of his/her strengths
56
Q

Phase 2: Exploring the Individual’s Psychological Dynamics

A
  • gain a deeper understanding of an individual’s lifestyle
  • subject and objective interview
57
Q

Phase 3: Encouraging Self Understanding/ Insight

A
  • interpret the findings of the assessment
  • hidden goals and purposes of behavior are made conscious
  • therapist offers interpretations to help clients gain insight into their lifestyle
58
Q

Phase 4: Reorientation and Re-education

A
  • action oriented
  • putting insights into practice
  • shifting rules of interaction, process, and motivation
59
Q

“As if” technique

A
  • clients are asked to take a reflective step back prior to stepping forward to act
  • encourages clients to reflect on how they would be different if they were acting as if they were the person they desire to be
  • part of the reorientation process
60
Q

Private logic

A
  • how a person views themselves, others, and the world around them
  • is created as a result of experiences

Counseling Theories (5 decks)

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