Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations of Ecology and Diversity > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

speciation

A

essential for producing new and distinct forms of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

species

A

here is not an absolute, concrete definition for species as it a concept which is constantly evolving with time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

Species are groups of actual or potential interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Morphospecies concept

A

members of the same species usually look alike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hybridization

A

exchanging genes with other species in their genera/interbreeding between species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hybrid offspring

A

the progeny of between two different species/subspecies, the result of hybridization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ecological Species Concept

A

species characterized by their niche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

niche

A

the complete description of the role the species plays in its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Phylogenetic Species Concept

A

involves members of species deriving from one common ancestor and all facing a common fate (extinction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pre-zygotic

A

isolation factors act before the fertilization of an egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

behaviorally isolated

A

individual mate based upon behaviors (courtship, songs, etc).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gametic isolation

A

incompatibilities between the gametes of two species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mechanical isolation

A

incompatibility with the genitalia configuration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

temporal isolation

A

isolated from eachother based on behavioral patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

geographic isolation

A

occurs when plants/animals are physically separated from one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

post-zygotic

A

isolation factors act after the fertilization of an egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

genetic incompatibility

A

mating between two organisms with different numbers of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

speciation

A

the development of reproductive isolation between populations; an evolutionary process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

partial reproductively isolated

A

not truly a separated species, produce hybrid offspring with limited variability and fertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

allopatric speciation

A

populations that are geographically separated from one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

subspecies

A

partial reproductive isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

dispersal

A

individuals colonize a distant place

23
Q

vicariance

A

a geographic barrier arises, usually easier to study because we can date when the separation arose

24
Q

peripatric speciation

A

a few individuals from a mainland population disperse to a new location; a form of allopatric speciation

25
Q

mainland population

A

the central population of a species

26
Q

island population

A

separate population from the original population and evolves separately

27
Q

adaptive radiation

A

unusually rapid evolutionary diversification due to many different opportunities

28
Q

co-speciation

A

two groups of organisms speciate in response to each other and at the same time

29
Q

sympatric speciation

A

Speciation/gene flow occur in the same geographical population

30
Q

disruptive selection

A

which allows for two genetically distinct sub-population within the population, but does not allow for intermediates

31
Q

Darwin’s Postulates

A
  1. All organisms show variation
  2. All species produce more offspring that can survive
  3. Individuals with favorable traits will tend to survive and reproduce, passing favorable traits to offspring
  4. Result is a change toward favorable traits in the population
  5. Over time, this leads to populations becoming adapted to their environment
32
Q

positive selection

A

increasing the frequency of an advantageous allele

33
Q

negative selection

A

natural selection that decreases the frequency of a deleterious allele

34
Q

intersexual selection

A

males compete for attention from females

35
Q

intrasexual selection

A

males compete against each other directly for access to mating with females

36
Q

genetic drift

A

random change in allele frequency from generation to generation

37
Q

bottleneck effect

A

large population is reduced to a few individuals

38
Q

founder effect

A

small number of individuals arrive on an island and colonize it

39
Q

migration

A

movement of individuals from one population to another

40
Q

gene flow

A

movement of alleles from one population to another

41
Q

mutation

A

any heritable change in genetic material

42
Q

nonrandom mating

A

individuals choose mates according to genotypes

43
Q

inbreeding depression

A

a reduction in offspring fitness caused by deleterious homozygoic genotypes

44
Q

molecular evolution

A

populations diverge genetically, differences at the molecular level in DNA amongst species

45
Q

molecular clock

A

correlation between time two species have been evolutionarily separated and the amount of genetic divergence

46
Q

we understand human’s rise to existence through:

A

comparative anatomy
molecular analysis
fossil records

47
Q

Ardi

A

ardipithecus ramidus
Ethiopia
4.4 mya

48
Q

lucy

A

Australopithecus afarensis
Ethiopia
3.2 mya

49
Q

scientific name of common ancestor?

A

orrorin tugenesis

50
Q

Scientific name of Hominins that colonized areas of Asia

A

Homo ergaster

51
Q

multiregional hypothesis

A

implies different homo ergaster populations in Africa and Eurasisa evolved to each produce Homo sapiens over 2 mya

52
Q

out of Africa hypothesis

A

all modern Homo sapiens are descended from an African common ancestor from about 200,000 years ago

53
Q

1 to 4% of every non African is derived from…

A

H. neanderthalensis

Foundations of Ecology and Diversity (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions