biochem stuff

Question 1

organic compound

Answer 1

a compound that has both carbon and hydrogen in it (C2H6, C6H12O6, and CH4)

Question 2

inorganic compound

Answer 2

a compound that does NOT have BOTH carbon and hydrogen in it (NaCl, H2O, and CO2)

Question 3

carbohydrate

Answer 3

a compound that has carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; important for energy (Glucose or sucrose or starch)

Question 4

lipid

Answer 4

a compound that has carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but not in a definite ratio. important for energy storage and insulation, and makes up all cell membranes (cholesterol or fat)

Question 5

protein

Answer 5

a compound made of polypeptides, composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and a little sulfur. important for enzymes, structure, antibodies, hormones (hemoglobin, collagen)

Question 6

nucleic acid

Answer 6

a compound made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous, important in genetics

Question 7

dehydration synthesis

Answer 7

a reaction that puts together molecules; adds monomers together to make polymers (monosaccharide plus monosaccharide combines to make a disaccharide)

Question 8

hydrolysis

Answer 8

a reaction that breaks apart molecules; takes polymers and breaks them into monomers (disaccharide is broken into 2 monosaccharide)

Question 9

monosaccharide

Answer 9

a simple sugar, just 1 ring (glucose)

Question 10

disaccharide

Answer 10

2 sugars together - 2 rings (sucrose)

Question 11

polysaccharide

Answer 11

many sugars put together - many rings (cellulose, starch, glycogen)

Question 12

starch

Answer 12

a polysaccharide found only in plants

Question 13

glycogen

Answer 13

a polysaccharide found in animals, sometimes called anime starch - stored in liver

Question 14

cellulose

Answer 14

a polysaccharide found only in plants – surrounds cell walls

Question 15

amino acid

Answer 15

building blocks of protein

Question 16

nucleotide

Answer 16

the building blocks of nucleic acids, composed of 1 sugar, 1 base, and 1 phosphate

Question 17

dipeptide

Answer 17

two amino acids put together, they are joined by a peptide bond

Question 18

glycerol

Answer 18

one of the building block of lipids; the backbone of a lipid

Question 19

fatty acid

Answer 19

one of the building blocks of lipids; three of these make up the side chains of a lipid