Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A-LEVEL BIOLOGY > ORIGINS OF GENETIC VARIATION > Flashcards

ORIGINS OF GENETIC VARIATION Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does polyploidy mean? (1)

A

more than 2 sets of entire chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is chromosome translocation? (1)

A

a chromosome mutation in which a segment of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does trisomy mean? (1)

A

3 of a particular chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what genetic disorder has 3 x chromosomes? (1)

A

triple x syndrome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what genetic disorder has 2 x chromosomes and 1 y chromosome? (1)

A

klinfelter syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what genetic disorder has one x chromosome and one o chromosome? (1)

A

turner syndrome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the types of chromosome mutations? (4)

A

-deletion
-duplication
-inversion
-translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does aneuploidy mean? (1)

A

the wrong number of one or more chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does polysomy mean? (1)

A

more than two of a particular chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does monosomy mean? (1)

A

only one of a particular chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is meant by crossing over? (2)

A

sections of chromosomes containing the same genes (but possibly different alleles) break off and reattach to their non-sister chromatid i.e. on the homologous chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MEIOSIS
What processes lead to genetic variation? (4)

A

(before meiosis) - DNA replication (mutations)
(during meiosis) - independant assortment of chromosomes metaphases. assortment of chromosomes metaphase 2.
(after meiosis) - random fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is chromosome deletion? (1)

A

a chromosome mutation in which part of a chromosome is missing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is chromosome duplication? (1)

A

the repetition of a region of the chromosome resulting in double the number of genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is chromosome inversion? (1)

A

the chromosomal rearrangement in which a segment of genetic material is broken away from the chromosome, inverted from end to end and reinserted into the chromosome at the same breakage site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the end product of meiosis? (1)

A

4 non-identical cells, each cell contains half the normal number of chromosomes generally haploid cells.

17
Q

what is the second phase of meiosis? (4)

A

prophase 2
metaphase 2
anaphase 2
telophase 2

18
Q

what does locus mean? (1)

A

the position of a gene on a chromosome

19
Q

what is DNA measured in? (1)

A

kilobases

20
Q

what is the product of meiosis? (1)

A

meiosis produces sex cells ,or gametes for sexual reproduction.

21
Q

what is the first phase of meiosis? (4)

A

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

22
Q

what does meiosis introduce? (1)

A

genetic variation

23
Q

what is the process of fertilisation? (1)

A

fertilisation is a random process (crossing over)

24
Q

what are multiple alleles? (1)

A

occur when there are more than two alleles of a single gene (ABO blood group)

25
Q

what are co dominant alleles? (1)

A

when present in the genotype, show their effect in the phenotype regardless of the allele on the gene

26
Q

what are recessive alleles? (1)

A

when present in the genotype, do not show their effect in the phenotype if a dominant allele is present. recessive alleles only show their effect in the homozygous condition.

27
Q

what is the genotype? (1)

A

the combination of alleles of a particular gene or genes present in a haploid gamete or diploid organism.

28
Q

what are dominant alleles? (1)

A

when present in the genotype, always show their effect in the phenotype.

29
Q

what is heterozygous? (1)

A

are diploid and have different alleles of a gene under consideration.

30
Q

what is dihybrid inheritance? (1)

A

the transfer from generation to generation of two different genes.

31
Q

what is homozygous? (1)

A

are diploid and have the same allele of a gene under consideration and both copies of a pair of homologous chromosomes.

32
Q

what are some examples of homogenic characteristics? (1)

A

blood groups

33
Q

what is monohybrid inheritance? (1)

A

inheritance of a characteristic controlled by a single gene.

34
Q

what is meant by polygenic? (1)

A

characteristics controlled by several genes.

35
Q

what are some examples of polygenic characteristics? (3)

A

height
mass
skin colour

36
Q

how do genes effect an organisms phenotype? (3)

A

-some characteristics are monogenic
-some characteristics are polygenic
-the different alleles an organism has at a single gene locus can determine a phenotype

37
Q

what is genetic variation? (1)

A

the small differences in DNA base sequences between individual organisms within a species population.

38
Q

what is he phenotype effected by? (2)

A

-genetic factors
-environmental factors

39
Q

what is a phenotype? (1)

A

the observable characteristics of an organism.

A-LEVEL BIOLOGY (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions