CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

What are carbohydrates made up of? (5)

Answer 1

Are made up of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon.
Some also contain phosphorus and nitrogen.

Question 2

What are monosaccharides? (5)

Answer 2

Are known as simple sugars and are the following:
Hexose sugars:
-glucose
-galactose
-Fructose
But can also be pentose sugars:
-ribose
-deoxyribose

Question 3

What are disaccharides?

Answer 3

Are known as simple sugars and are the following:
-sucrose
-lactose
-maltose

Question 4

What monosaccharides make up the disaccharide sucrose? (2)

Answer 4

Glucose and fructose.

Question 5

What monosaccharides make up the disaccharide lactose? (2)

Answer 5

Glucose and galactose.

Question 6

What monosaccharides make up the disaccharide maltose? (2)

Answer 6

Glucose and another glucose.

Question 7

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 7

Are made up of 3 or more monosaccharides.

Question 8

What are the polysaccharides? (3)

Answer 8

-starch
-glycogen
-cellulose

Question 9

Where is starch found?(1)

Answer 9

Is a fuel store in plants and animals

Question 10

What is the function of glycogen? (1)

Answer 10

A fuel store in animals.

Question 11

What is the function of cellulose? (1)

Answer 11

Is a major component of plant cel walls.

Question 12

What is the formula for glucose?(1)

Answer 12

C6H1206

Question 13

What are isomers? (1)

Answer 13

Tow or more different structural formulae of the same molecular formula.

Question 14

What are the isomers of glucose? (2)

Answer 14

A-glucose and b-glucose.

Question 15

What is a polysaccharide known as?(1)

Answer 15

A complex carbohydrate.

Question 16

What is OH known as in biology? (1)

Answer 16

A hydroxyl group.

Question 17

What is meant by a hexose sugar?(1)

Answer 17

It has 6 carbons in its structure.

Question 18

How does fructose differentiate from glucose? (1)

Answer 18

It has 5 sides in its structural ring but still has 6 carbons.

Question 19

What are the properties of fructose? (3)

Answer 19

Is known as a fruit sugar, is soluble and is the main sugar in fruits and nectar.

Question 20

How does galactose differentiate from glucose? (1)

Answer 20

On its C-6 it has the hydroxyl group flipped by 180 degrees.

Question 21

What is the function of galactose? (2)

Answer 21

Important in the production of glycolipids and glycoproteins

Question 22

What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?(1)

Answer 22

Deoxyribose,on its C-2 has no oxygen bonded with the hydrogen like on ribose.

Question 23

What is the reverse of a condensation reaction? (1)

Answer 23

A hydrolysis reaction.

Question 24

What is starch made of? (2)

Answer 24

Two polysaccharides which are amylose and amylopectin which are bonded together by 1-4 glycosidic bonds.

Question 25

What is the structure of amylose?(1)

Answer 25

Forms a helical coiled structure

Question 26

What are the properties of amylose? (2)

Answer 26

Is insoluble Is compact because of coils.

Question 27

What is the function of amylose? (1)

Answer 27

Stored in starch grains in animal cells.

Question 28

What is the structure of amylopectin? (2)

Answer 28

Contains many 1-4 glycosidic bonds but also contain 1-6 glycosidic bonds because it branches out

Question 29

What are the properties of amylopectin?(3)

Answer 29

Is insoluble,compact-able but not as much as amylase and can be broken down quickly because of branches.

Question 30

What do animals store for energy?(1)

Answer 30

Do not store carbohydrates but as glycogen, which has a similar structure as amylopectin but has more branches.

Question 31

Where is glycogen stored? (2)

Answer 31

Liver and muscle cells.

Question 32

What is the structure of cellulose?(2)

Answer 32

Contains some glycosidic bonds but because in order to make a glycosidic bond two hydroxyl groups must be next to each other, every other glucose molecule is flipped upside down to form a beta (1-4) glycosidic bond.

Question 33

What is the function of cellulose? (2)

Answer 33

Prevents plant cells from bursting an gives it shape.

Question 34

What is lactose known as?(1)

Answer 34

A milk sugar.

Question 35

What is sucrose known as?(1)

Answer 35

Table sugar

Question 36

What is

Question 37

What is maltose known as? (1)

Answer 37

Malt sugar