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Scribing > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Sources for lab testing

A
  1. Wounds
  2. Blood
  3. Urine
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2
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

A

Blood test for:
-Glucose, Na, K, Ca, Cl, CO2, Blood urea nitrogen, and Creatinine
Provides blood sugar, electrolyte, and fluid balance, and kidney function.

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3
Q

Complete Metabolic Panel (CMP)

A

Includes:
-All labs covered by BMP
-Albumin
-Total protein
-Liver function enzymes
-Total bilirubin
Helps to provide insight into liver function

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4
Q

Creatinine

A

Waste product excreted by kidneys and biomarker of kidney function

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5
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

Waste product and biomarker of kidney function

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6
Q

Anion Gap

A

The difference in blood anions and cations, used to determine metabolic acidosis or alkalosis
-May give indicate renal dysfunction, ingestion of toxins, etc.

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7
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A

Includes:
RBCs
WBCs
Platelets
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hematocrit (Hct)
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Checks for anemia, gives insight into blood conditions and medication impacts on blood

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8
Q

CBC w/ Diff

A

Provides cell counts for CBC WBCs.

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9
Q

Ferritin

A

Cellular storage protein for iron, often checked when evaluating anemia. Can be nonspecific inflammatory marker

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10
Q

Liver Function Enzymes

A

AST/ALT - Liver aminotransferases, high amount can indicate dysfunction and ratio can be useful.
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) - Enzyme that can indicate dysfunction or bone disorders when elevated.

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11
Q

Lipid Panel

A

Includes:
-Total cholesterol
-High density lipoprotein (HDL)
-Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
-Triglycerides

Used to evaluate cardiac risk by determining different forms of cholesterol.

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12
Q

Thyroid Studies

A

Includes:
-Free T4
-Serum T4
-Thyroid Binding Hormone
-Serum T3
-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Can be used to monitor thyroid function and identify cause of weight changes and fatigue

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12
Q

Inflammatory/Autoimmune Tests

A

Includes:
-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
-C-reactive Protein (CRP)
-Plasma viscosity
-Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)
-Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Can determine inflammatory processes or autoimmune disorders

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12
Q

Reproductive Hormone Tests

A

Includes the reproductive hormones of males and females

Can be used to investigate fertility and puberty issues, pregnancy, amenorrhea, menopause, and hypogonadism in men.

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12
Q

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

A

Biomarker of immune response used to determine nonspecific presence of inflammation or infection.

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13
Q

CPK-1 Enzyme Marker

A

Can indicate brain injuries or cancer

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13
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

A

Blood test to determine markers of inflammation, AKA Sed Rate

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13
Q

Coagulation Panel

A

Includes:
-CBC
-Factor V
-Fibrinogen
-Prothrombin Time
-Platelet Count
-Thrombin Time
-Bleeding time
Used to understand clotting capacity in a patient or the function of anticoagulants

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13
Q

CPK-2, CPK-3, Troponin

A

Can indicate heart attack or injury

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14
Q

INR, Prothrombin Time (PT/INR)

A

Measures time it takes for blood to clot, used to assess clotting ability
-Commonly taken for patients on blood thinners

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15
Q

Vitamin D Level

A

Used to evaluate fatigue or depressed mood, associated with Ca absorption and bone health

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16
Q

Vitamin B12 Level

A

Used to evaluate anemia if deficient, necessary for nervous function and RBC formation

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17
Q

Vitamin B9 (Folate) Levels

A

Measured before/during pregnancy, necessary for proper formation of the neural tube

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18
Q

Abdominal Labs

A

Include:
-Celiac disease, LFTs, H. Pylori Ab, and Amylase/Lipase

Used to check pancreatic and liver functions, investigate symptoms and nutrition

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19
Q

Amylase/Lipase

A

Digestive enzymes analyzed when evaluating pancreatic function. When elevated, can indicate pancreatitis

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20
Q

Toxicology Screen

A

Includes:
-Amphetamine, Cocaine, Barbiturates, Marijuana, Opiates, PCP, Nicotine, Alcohol

Evaluates substance use, can be for work-required screening

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21
Q

STI and Infectious Disease Panel

A

Includes:
- HIV, Syphilis (RPR), Hep A Ab, Hep B Surface Ag, Hep C Ab, HSV I and II, Malaria, Lyme Disease, West Nile

Identifies specific acute infections and previous infections

Can evaluate effectiveness of drugs

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22
Q

Chlamydia/Gonorrhea

A

STIs tested for from urine, throat, rectum, urethra, or cervix.

Often reported together as Ct/GC NAA

23
Q

Hep C

A

Viral liver infection.
Test determines antibody presence

24
Q

HIV Screen 4th Gen w/Rfx

A

Test for HIV Abs and Antigen, with reflex to confirmatory testing (differentiating HIV types)

25
Q

Lyme Disease Ab

A

Antibody test for tickborne Lyme disease, usually ordered to determine if symptoms are caused by Lyme

26
Q

Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)

A

Screen for Syphilis to ID infection or monitor treatment, used in conjunction with other tests.

27
Q

Wet Prep

A

Examines vaginal fluid for abnormal bacteria, yeast, pathogen

28
Q

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

A

Blood test to aid in the diagnosis of prostate enlargement, cancer, etc.

29
Q

Hgb A1C

A

A measure of average blood sugar levels
over the past three months. It is a helpful test
in screening for and monitoring diabetes.

30
Q

Uric Acid

A

Tested commonly for diagnosis or management of gout

31
Q

Urinalysis

A

Includes:
-Protein, leukocytes, nitrites, blood, glucose, ketones, pH, specific gravity, bilirubin, urobilinogen, micro-bacteria

can diagnose UTI, diagnose kidney and liver issues, diabetic/metabolic issues, etc.

32
Q

Stool Cultures

A

Check for bacterial species in stool if patient is experiencing GI symptoms

33
Q

Wound cultures

A

Checks wounds for sources of infection and guide treatment

34
Q

Nasopharyngeal cultures

A

Nasal swab for various pathogens that can cause respiratory illness

35
Q

Stool Analysis

A

Checks for:
-Appearance, color, odor, mucus, occult blood, fat, meat fibers, bile, WBC, pH, parasites.

Diagnoses digestive tract disorders, poor nutrition, and possible cancer

36
Q

‘HemOccult’ or Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOB)

A

A stool sample is examined for small amounts of blood that may not be visible (“occult”). May be referred to as “hemoccult” or “guaiac” test.

37
Q

Breath Tests

A

H. Pylori infection-related chemical signs can be found on breath, such as urea levels.

38
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelets

39
Q

Anemia

A

Low RBCs

40
Q

Polycythemia

A

High RBCs

41
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High WBCs

42
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

High potassium

43
Q

Hyperchloremia

A

High chloride

44
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Low blood volume

45
Q

Hypovitaminosis D

A

Low Vit D

46
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in urine

47
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

High fat in blood

48
Q

Hematochezia

A

Blood in stool

49
Q

Bacteremia

A

Bacteria presence in blood

50
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

Abnormal amounts of lipids in blood

51
Q

Hyperinsulinemia

A

High insulin in blood

52
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Excess of parathyroid hormone

53
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Low thyroid hormone

54
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low WBCs

55
Q

Neutropenia

A

Low neutrophils

56
Q

Blast Cells

A

Immature WBCs present in blood (can indicate leukemia)

57
Q

Anisocytosis

A

RBCs on peripheral smear are different sizes

58
Q

Hypercapnia

A

High CO2 in blood

59
Q

Hyperammonemia

A

High ammonia in blood

60
Q

Hyperuricemia

A

High levels of uric acid in blood

61
Q

Uremia

A

High levels of waste in urine, can indicate kidney dysfunction

62
Q

Metabolic Acidosis vs Alkalosis

A

pH is lower or higher than normal in blood

63
Q

Lactic Acidosis

A

Type of metabolic acidosis characterized by high lactate. Can indicate sepsis, metabolic disorders, etc.

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