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Cardiovascular Sonography - DMSC 1130 > Module 1 - Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 - Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is one of the last organs to develop in the fetus. T/F

A

false - it is one of the first - this is because it requires more circulation as it develops - it is growing fast - needs the nutrients - cannot just rely on simple diffusion

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2
Q

the formation of the heart begins at ___

A

3 weeks gestation - 21-22 days
5 weeks by lmp

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3
Q

3 weeks gestation is __ weeks lmp

A

5 weeks lmp

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4
Q

5 weeks lmp is ____ weeks gestation

A

3

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5
Q

what begins at 3 weeks gestation
?

A

heart development

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6
Q

describe the development of the heart from 20-22 days

A

20 - 2 cardiogenic tubes
21- tubes begin to fuse
22- tubes are fused
>22 - undergoes twisting and turning to create different chambers

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7
Q

after the 2 cardiogenic tubes are fused the hear undergoes___________this happens at __days

A

twisting and turning
>22 days

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8
Q

the heart develops near the ______ of the embryo

A

head of the embryo

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9
Q

draw the primitive heart tube

A
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10
Q

what are the parts of the primitive heart tube from superior to inferior?

A
  • aortic arch 1
  • truncus arteriosus
  • bulbis cordis
  • primitive ventricle
  • primitive atrium
  • sinus venosus
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11
Q

how many parts of the primitive heart are there?

A

6

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12
Q

where is the aortic arch 1 and what does it develop into?

A

top of primitive heart
- develops into the pulmonary arteries and aortic arteries

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13
Q

the pulmonary arteries and aortic arteries are developed from the ______

A

aortic arch 1

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14
Q

the truncus arteriosus develops into the

A

aortic root and pulmonary root

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15
Q

the aortic root and pulmonary root arise from the

A

truncus arteriosus

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16
Q

the bulbis cordis devlops into the

A

R and L venticle outflow tracts

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17
Q

R and L venticle outflow tracts arise from the

A

bulbis cordis

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18
Q

the primitive ventricle develops into the

A

R and L ventricles

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19
Q

the R and L ventricles arise from the

A

primitive ventricle

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20
Q

the primitive atrium develops into the

A

R and L atriums

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21
Q

the sinus venosus has…

A

2 horns - right and left

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22
Q

the right horn of the sinus venosus develops into the

A

right atrium with IVC and SVC

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23
Q

the left horn of the sinus venosus develops into the

A

SA node, Oblique vein, coronary sinus

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24
Q

SA node, Oblique vein, coronary sinus arise from the

A

left horn of the sinus venosus

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25
Q

right atrium with IVC and SVC arises from the

A

right horn of the sinus venosus

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26
Q

what does discordant growth mean?

A

some areas of the heart grow faster than others - causes bending and twisting - called heart looping - happens to the right

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27
Q

normal heart looping happens to the _____

A

right

28
Q

dextro means

A

right

29
Q

levo means

A

left

29
Q

meso means

A

middle

29
Q

-cardia means

A

describes where the apex of the heart is pointing
- referring to the heart

30
Q

dextrocardia

A

apex of heart is pointing to the right side of chest

31
Q

levocardia

A

the apex of the heart is pointing to the left side of the chest

32
Q

mesocardia

A

apex pointing to middle

33
Q

-position refers to

A

which side of chest the heart is on

34
Q

dextropositioned

A

heart on the right chest

35
Q

levopositioned

A

heart on the left chest

36
Q

mesopositioned

A

heart in middle of chest

37
Q

dextrolooping

A

fused heart tube twists to the right - normal

38
Q

which type of heart looping is normal?

A

dextrolooping

39
Q

levo-looping

A

fused heart tube twists to the left - abnormal

40
Q

what is the normal positions of the heart?

A

levocardia
levopositioned
dextrolooping

41
Q

dextrolooping results in

A

a levopositioned and levocardia heart

42
Q

what is situs?

A

the sidedness of structures

43
Q

what is atrial situs?

A

the placement of the morphological right and left atria.

44
Q

Thoracic situs

A

the placement of the morphological right and left lung.

45
Q

Abdominal situs

A

placement of the unpaired abdominal organs (stomach, liver, spleen).

46
Q

Atriovisceral situs

A

Refers to the arrangement the morphological left and right atria in relation to the ‘unpaired’ organs in the abdomen.

47
Q

what are the three types of atrial situs?

A

situs solitus
situs inversus
situs ambiguous of heterotaxy

48
Q

what is situs solitus?

A
  • normal development
  • Morphological right atrium and liver are on the right side of the body. The morphological left atrium is on the left side of the body with the spleen and stomach.
49
Q

what is situs inversus?

A

The ‘mirror image’ of situs solitus.
The morphological right atrium and liver are on the left side of the body. The morphological left atrium is on the right side of the body with the spleen and stomach.
- switched around - inverted

50
Q

what is situs ambiguous?

A
  • variable combinations of the placement of the visceral organs and atria
51
Q

Mitral valve is connected to the

A

left ventricle

52
Q

the mitral valve is on the

A

left

53
Q

mitral - ends in L - means

A

left

54
Q

the tricuspid valve is always connected to the

A

right ventricle

55
Q

the left ventricle has which valve?

A

the mitral

56
Q

the tricuspid valve is on the

A

right

57
Q

tricuspid - tri = eye = i = ?

A

right - b/c it has an i
i = eye = tri
also ends in t

58
Q

the aortic valve is connected to the

A

aorta

59
Q

the aorta is connected to which valve?

A

aortic

60
Q

the right ventricle has which valve?

A

tricuspid

61
Q

the pulmonary valve is always connected to the ____

A

pulmonary artery

62
Q

the pulmonary artery has wich valve

A

pulmonary valve

63
Q

what are the 4 valves?

A

mitral
tricuspid
aortic
pulmonary

64
Q

what is the order of valves from superior to inferior?

A

pulmonary
aortic
mitral
tricuspid
PAMT
- michele is superior to todd

65
Q

what is the order of valves from anterior to posterior?

A

pulmonary valve
aortic
tricuspid
mitral
PATM

Cardiovascular Sonography - DMSC 1130 (5 decks)

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